diff --git a/controller/coarse_reverse.js b/controller/coarse_reverse.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dc48d6db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/controller/coarse_reverse.js
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+const logger = require('pelias-logger').get('coarse_reverse');
+const _ = require('lodash');
+const Document = require('pelias-model').Document;
+
+const granularities = [
+  'neighbourhood',
+  'borough',
+  'locality',
+  'localadmin',
+  'county',
+  'macrocounty',
+  'region',
+  'macroregion',
+  'dependency',
+  'country'
+];
+
+function getMostGranularLayer(results) {
+  return granularities.find((granularity) => {
+    return results.hasOwnProperty(granularity);
+  });
+}
+
+function hasResultsAtRequestedLayers(results, layers) {
+  return _.intersection(layers, Object.keys(results)).length > 0;
+}
+
+function synthesizeDoc(results) {
+  // now create a model.Document from what's level, using the most granular
+  // result available as the starting point
+  // the immediately above cannot be re-used since county may be the most
+  // granular layer requested but the results may start at region (no county found)
+  const most_granular_layer = getMostGranularLayer(results);
+  const id = results[most_granular_layer][0].id;
+
+  const doc = new Document('whosonfirst', most_granular_layer, id.toString());
+  doc.setName('default', results[most_granular_layer][0].name);
+
+  if (results[most_granular_layer][0].hasOwnProperty('centroid')) {
+    doc.setCentroid( results[most_granular_layer][0].centroid );
+  }
+
+  if (results[most_granular_layer][0].hasOwnProperty('bounding_box')) {
+    const parsedBoundingBox = results[most_granular_layer][0].bounding_box.split(',').map(parseFloat);
+    doc.setBoundingBox({
+      upperLeft: {
+        lat: parsedBoundingBox[3],
+        lon: parsedBoundingBox[0]
+      },
+      lowerRight: {
+        lat: parsedBoundingBox[1],
+        lon: parsedBoundingBox[2]
+      }
+    });
+
+  }
+
+  if (_.has(results, 'country[0].abbr')) {
+    doc.setAlpha3(results.country[0].abbr);
+  }
+
+  // assign the administrative hierarchy
+  Object.keys(results).forEach((layer) => {
+    if (results[layer][0].hasOwnProperty('abbr')) {
+      doc.addParent(layer, results[layer][0].name, results[layer][0].id.toString(), results[layer][0].abbr);
+    } else {
+      doc.addParent(layer, results[layer][0].name, results[layer][0].id.toString());
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  const esDoc = doc.toESDocument();
+  esDoc.data._id = esDoc._id;
+  esDoc.data._type = esDoc._type;
+  return esDoc.data;
+
+}
+
+function setup(service, should_execute) {
+  function controller(req, res, next) {
+    // do not run controller when a request validation error has occurred
+    if (!should_execute(req, res)) {
+      return next();
+    }
+
+    const centroid = {
+      lat: req.clean['point.lat'],
+      lon: req.clean['point.lon']
+    };
+
+    service(centroid, (err, results) => {
+      // if there's an error, log it and bail
+      if (err) {
+        logger.error(err);
+        return next();
+      }
+
+      // find the finest granularity requested
+      const finest_granularity_requested = granularities.findIndex((granularity) => {
+        return req.clean.layers.indexOf(granularity) !== -1;
+      });
+
+      // now remove everything from the response that is more granular than the
+      // most granular layer requested.  that is, if req.clean.layers=['county'],
+      // remove neighbourhoods, localities, and localadmins
+      Object.keys(results).forEach((layer) => {
+        if (granularities.indexOf(layer) < finest_granularity_requested) {
+          delete results[layer];
+        }
+      });
+
+      res.meta = {};
+      res.data = [];
+      // synthesize a doc from results if there's a result at the request layer(s)
+      if (hasResultsAtRequestedLayers(results, req.clean.layers)) {
+        res.data.push(synthesizeDoc(results));
+      }
+
+      return next();
+
+    });
+
+  }
+
+  return controller;
+
+}
+
+module.exports = setup;
diff --git a/controller/predicates/has_request_errors.js b/controller/predicates/has_request_errors.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ccc13361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/controller/predicates/has_request_errors.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+const _ = require('lodash');
+
+module.exports = (request, response) => {
+  return _.get(request, 'errors', []).length > 0;
+};
diff --git a/controller/predicates/has_response_data.js b/controller/predicates/has_response_data.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a61907d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/controller/predicates/has_response_data.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+const _ = require('lodash');
+
+module.exports = (request, response) => {
+  return _.get(response, 'data', []).length > 0;
+};
diff --git a/controller/predicates/is_coarse_reverse.js b/controller/predicates/is_coarse_reverse.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8a292dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/controller/predicates/is_coarse_reverse.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+const _ = require('lodash');
+
+const non_coarse_layers = ['address', 'street', 'venue'];
+
+module.exports = (req, res) => {
+  // returns true if layers is undefined, empty, or contains 'address', 'street', or 'venue'
+  return !_.isEmpty(req.clean.layers) &&
+          _.intersection(req.clean.layers, non_coarse_layers).length === 0;
+};
diff --git a/controller/predicates/is_pip_service_enabled.js b/controller/predicates/is_pip_service_enabled.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa787d87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/controller/predicates/is_pip_service_enabled.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+module.exports = (uri) => {
+  // this predicate relies upon the fact that the schema has already validated
+  //  that api.pipService is a URI-formatted string
+  return (request, response) => {
+    return uri !== undefined;
+  };
+};
diff --git a/controller/search.js b/controller/search.js
index 2813bf3c..989060a8 100644
--- a/controller/search.js
+++ b/controller/search.js
@@ -7,30 +7,13 @@ const logger = require('pelias-logger').get('api');
 const logging = require( '../helper/logging' );
 const retry = require('retry');
 
-function requestHasErrors(request) {
-  return _.get(request, 'errors', []).length > 0;
-}
-
-function responseHasData(response) {
-  return _.get(response, 'data', []).length > 0;
-}
-
 function isRequestTimeout(err) {
   return _.get(err, 'status') === 408;
 }
 
-function setup( apiConfig, esclient, query ){
+function setup( apiConfig, esclient, query, should_execute ){
   function controller( req, res, next ){
-    // do not run controller when a request
-    // validation error has occurred.
-    if (requestHasErrors(req)) {
-      return next();
-    }
-
-    // do not run controller if there are already results
-    // this was added during libpostal integration.  if the libpostal parse/query
-    // doesn't return anything then fallback to old search-engine-y behavior
-    if (responseHasData(res)) {
+    if (!should_execute(req, res)) {
       return next();
     }
 
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 86e6a7f4..80b46808 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
     "geojson": "^0.4.0",
     "geojson-extent": "^0.3.1",
     "geolib": "^2.0.18",
-    "iso3166-1": "^0.2.3",
+    "iso3166-1": "^0.3.0",
     "joi": "^10.1.0",
     "lodash": "^4.5.0",
     "markdown": "0.5.0",
@@ -56,11 +56,13 @@
     "pelias-config": "2.8.0",
     "pelias-labels": "1.5.1",
     "pelias-logger": "0.1.0",
+    "pelias-mock-logger": "^1.0.1",
     "pelias-model": "4.5.1",
     "pelias-query": "8.13.0",
     "pelias-text-analyzer": "1.7.2",
+    "predicates": "^1.0.1",
     "retry": "^0.10.1",
-    "stats-lite": "2.0.3",
+    "stats-lite": "^2.0.4",
     "superagent": "^3.2.1",
     "through2": "^2.0.3"
   },
@@ -72,6 +74,7 @@
     "nsp": "^2.2.0",
     "precommit-hook": "^3.0.0",
     "proxyquire": "^1.7.10",
+    "request": "^2.79.0",
     "semantic-release": "^6.3.2",
     "source-map": "^0.5.6",
     "tap-dot": "1.0.5",
diff --git a/routes/v1.js b/routes/v1.js
index 64f820db..60e48172 100644
--- a/routes/v1.js
+++ b/routes/v1.js
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 var Router = require('express').Router;
 var elasticsearch = require('elasticsearch');
 
+const all = require('predicates').all;
+const any = require('predicates').any;
+const not = require('predicates').not;
+
 /** ----------------------- sanitizers ----------------------- **/
 var sanitizers = {
   autocomplete: require('../sanitizer/autocomplete'),
@@ -20,6 +24,7 @@ var middleware = {
 /** ----------------------- controllers ----------------------- **/
 
 var controllers = {
+  coarse_reverse: require('../controller/coarse_reverse'),
   mdToHTML: require('../controller/markdownToHtml'),
   place: require('../controller/place'),
   search: require('../controller/search'),
@@ -55,6 +60,14 @@ var postProc = {
   assignLabels: require('../middleware/assignLabels')
 };
 
+// predicates that drive whether controller/search runs
+const hasResponseData = require('../controller/predicates/has_response_data');
+const hasRequestErrors = require('../controller/predicates/has_request_errors');
+const isCoarseReverse = require('../controller/predicates/is_coarse_reverse');
+
+// shorthand for standard early-exit conditions
+const hasResponseDataOrRequestErrors = any(hasResponseData, hasRequestErrors);
+
 /**
  * Append routes to app
  *
@@ -64,6 +77,24 @@ var postProc = {
 function addRoutes(app, peliasConfig) {
   const esclient = elasticsearch.Client(peliasConfig.esclient);
 
+  const isPipServiceEnabled = require('../controller/predicates/is_pip_service_enabled')(peliasConfig.api.pipService);
+  const pipService = require('../service/pointinpolygon')(peliasConfig.api.pipService);
+
+  const coarse_reverse_should_execute = all(
+    not(hasRequestErrors), isPipServiceEnabled, isCoarseReverse
+  );
+
+  // execute under the following conditions:
+  // - there are no errors or data
+  // - request is not coarse OR pip service is disabled
+  const original_reverse_should_execute = all(
+    not(hasResponseDataOrRequestErrors),
+    any(
+      not(isCoarseReverse),
+      not(isPipServiceEnabled)
+    )
+  );
+
   var base = '/v1/';
 
   /** ------------------------- routers ------------------------- **/
@@ -80,9 +111,9 @@ function addRoutes(app, peliasConfig) {
       middleware.calcSize(),
       // 3rd parameter is which query module to use, use fallback/geodisambiguation
       //  first, then use original search strategy if first query didn't return anything
-      controllers.search(peliasConfig.api, esclient, queries.libpostal),
+      controllers.search(peliasConfig.api, esclient, queries.libpostal, not(hasResponseDataOrRequestErrors)),
       sanitizers.search_fallback.middleware,
-      controllers.search(peliasConfig.api, esclient, queries.fallback_to_old_prod),
+      controllers.search(peliasConfig.api, esclient, queries.fallback_to_old_prod, not(hasResponseDataOrRequestErrors)),
       postProc.trimByGranularity(),
       postProc.distances('focus.point.'),
       postProc.confidenceScores(peliasConfig.api),
@@ -101,7 +132,7 @@ function addRoutes(app, peliasConfig) {
     structured: createRouter([
       sanitizers.structured_geocoding.middleware,
       middleware.calcSize(),
-      controllers.search(peliasConfig.api, esclient, queries.structured_geocoding),
+      controllers.search(peliasConfig.api, esclient, queries.structured_geocoding, not(hasResponseDataOrRequestErrors)),
       postProc.trimByGranularityStructured(),
       postProc.distances('focus.point.'),
       postProc.confidenceScores(peliasConfig.api),
@@ -119,7 +150,7 @@ function addRoutes(app, peliasConfig) {
     ]),
     autocomplete: createRouter([
       sanitizers.autocomplete.middleware,
-      controllers.search(peliasConfig.api, esclient, queries.autocomplete),
+      controllers.search(peliasConfig.api, esclient, queries.autocomplete, not(hasResponseDataOrRequestErrors)),
       postProc.distances('focus.point.'),
       postProc.confidenceScores(peliasConfig.api),
       postProc.dedupe(),
@@ -135,7 +166,8 @@ function addRoutes(app, peliasConfig) {
     reverse: createRouter([
       sanitizers.reverse.middleware,
       middleware.calcSize(),
-      controllers.search(peliasConfig.api, esclient, queries.reverse),
+      controllers.coarse_reverse(pipService, coarse_reverse_should_execute),
+      controllers.search(peliasConfig.api, esclient, queries.reverse, original_reverse_should_execute),
       postProc.distances('point.'),
       // reverse confidence scoring depends on distance from origin
       //  so it must be calculated first
@@ -153,7 +185,7 @@ function addRoutes(app, peliasConfig) {
     nearby: createRouter([
       sanitizers.nearby.middleware,
       middleware.calcSize(),
-      controllers.search(peliasConfig.api, esclient, queries.reverse),
+      controllers.search(peliasConfig.api, esclient, queries.reverse, not(hasResponseDataOrRequestErrors)),
       postProc.distances('point.'),
       // reverse confidence scoring depends on distance from origin
       //  so it must be calculated first
diff --git a/schema.js b/schema.js
index 61e6c258..78a9141f 100644
--- a/schema.js
+++ b/schema.js
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ module.exports = Joi.object().keys({
     requestRetries: Joi.number().integer().min(0),
     localization: Joi.object().keys({
       flipNumberAndStreetCountries: Joi.array().items(Joi.string().regex(/^[A-Z]{3}$/))
-    }).unknown(false)
+    }).unknown(false),
+    pipService: Joi.string().uri({ scheme: /https?/ })
 
   }).requiredKeys('version', 'indexName', 'host').unknown(true),
   esclient: Joi.object().keys({
diff --git a/service/pointinpolygon.js b/service/pointinpolygon.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..21b6fdcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/pointinpolygon.js
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+const logger = require( 'pelias-logger' ).get( 'pointinpolygon' );
+const request = require('request');
+const _ = require('lodash');
+
+module.exports = (url) => {
+  if (!_.isEmpty(url)) {
+    logger.info(`using point-in-polygon service at ${url}`);
+
+    return function pointinpolygon( centroid, callback ) {
+      const requestUrl = `${url}/${centroid.lon}/${centroid.lat}`;
+
+      request.get(requestUrl, (err, response, body) => {
+        if (err) {
+          logger.error(JSON.stringify(err));
+          callback(err);
+        }
+        else if (response.statusCode === 200) {
+          try {
+            const parsed = JSON.parse(body);
+            callback(err, parsed);
+          }
+          catch (err) {
+            logger.error(`${requestUrl}: could not parse response body: ${body}`);
+            callback(`${requestUrl} returned status 200 but with non-JSON response: ${body}`);
+          }
+        }
+        else {
+          logger.error(`${requestUrl} returned status ${response.statusCode}: ${body}`);
+          callback(`${requestUrl} returned status ${response.statusCode}: ${body}`);
+        }
+      });
+
+    };
+
+  } else {
+    logger.warn('point-in-polygon service disabled');
+
+    return (centroid, callback) => {
+      callback(`point-in-polygon service disabled, unable to resolve ${JSON.stringify(centroid)}`);
+    };
+
+  }
+
+};
diff --git a/test/unit/controller/coarse_reverse.js b/test/unit/controller/coarse_reverse.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d8071e62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/unit/controller/coarse_reverse.js
@@ -0,0 +1,578 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const setup = require('../../../controller/coarse_reverse');
+const proxyquire =  require('proxyquire').noCallThru();
+
+module.exports.tests = {};
+
+module.exports.tests.interface = (test, common) => {
+  test('valid interface', (t) => {
+    t.equal(typeof setup, 'function', 'setup is a function');
+    t.equal(typeof setup(), 'function', 'setup returns a controller');
+    t.end();
+  });
+};
+
+module.exports.tests.early_exit_conditions = (test, common) => {
+  test('should_execute returning false should not call service', (t) => {
+    const service = () => {
+      throw Error('service should not have been called');
+    };
+
+    const should_execute = () => { return false; };
+    const controller = setup(service, should_execute);
+
+    const req = {
+      clean: {
+        layers: ['locality']
+      },
+      errors: ['error']
+    };
+
+    // verify that next was called
+    let next_was_called = false;
+    const next = () => {
+      next_was_called = true;
+    };
+
+    // passing res=undefined verifies that it wasn't interacted with
+    t.doesNotThrow(controller.bind(null, req, undefined, next));
+    t.ok(next_was_called);
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+};
+
+module.exports.tests.error_conditions = (test, common) => {
+  test('service error should log and call next', (t) => {
+    const service = (point, callback) => {
+      callback('this is an error');
+    };
+
+    const logger = require('pelias-mock-logger')();
+
+    const should_execute = () => { return true; };
+    const controller = proxyquire('../../../controller/coarse_reverse', {
+      'pelias-logger': logger
+    })(service, should_execute);
+
+    const req = {
+      clean: {
+        layers: ['locality'],
+        point: {
+          lat: 12.121212,
+          lon: 21.212121
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    // verify that next was called
+    let next_was_called = false;
+    const next = () => {
+      next_was_called = true;
+    };
+
+    // passing res=undefined verifies that it wasn't interacted with
+    controller(req, undefined, next);
+
+    t.ok(logger.isErrorMessage('this is an error'));
+    t.ok(next_was_called);
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+};
+
+module.exports.tests.success_conditions = (test, common) => {
+  test('service returning results should use first entry for each layer', (t) => {
+    const service = (point, callback) => {
+      const results = {
+        neighbourhood: [
+          {
+            id: 10,
+            name: 'neighbourhood name',
+            abbr: 'neighbourhood abbr',
+            centroid: {
+              lat: 12.121212,
+              lon: 21.212121
+            },
+            bounding_box: '-76.345902,40.006751,-76.254038,40.072939'
+          },
+          { id: 11, name: 'neighbourhood name 2'}
+        ],
+        borough: [
+          { id: 20, name: 'borough name', abbr: 'borough abbr'},
+          { id: 21, name: 'borough name 2'}
+        ],
+        locality: [
+          { id: 30, name: 'locality name', abbr: 'locality abbr'},
+          { id: 31, name: 'locality name 2'}
+        ],
+        localadmin: [
+          { id: 40, name: 'localadmin name', abbr: 'localadmin abbr'},
+          { id: 41, name: 'localadmin name 2'}
+        ],
+        county: [
+          { id: 50, name: 'county name', abbr: 'county abbr'},
+          { id: 51, name: 'county name 2'}
+        ],
+        macrocounty: [
+          { id: 60, name: 'macrocounty name', abbr: 'macrocounty abbr'},
+          { id: 61, name: 'macrocounty name 2'}
+        ],
+        region: [
+          { id: 70, name: 'region name', abbr: 'region abbr'},
+          { id: 71, name: 'region name 2'}
+        ],
+        macroregion: [
+          { id: 80, name: 'macroregion name', abbr: 'macroregion abbr'},
+          { id: 81, name: 'macroregion name 2'}
+        ],
+        dependency: [
+          { id: 90, name: 'dependency name', abbr: 'dependency abbr'},
+          { id: 91, name: 'dependency name 2'}
+        ],
+        country: [
+          { id: 100, name: 'country name', abbr: 'xyz'},
+          { id: 101, name: 'country name 2'}
+        ]
+      };
+
+      callback(undefined, results);
+    };
+
+    const logger = require('pelias-mock-logger')();
+
+    const should_execute = () => { return true; };
+    const controller = proxyquire('../../../controller/coarse_reverse', {
+      'pelias-logger': logger
+    })(service, should_execute);
+
+    const req = {
+      clean: {
+        layers: ['neighbourhood'],
+        point: {
+          lat: 12.121212,
+          lon: 21.212121
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    const res = { };
+
+    // verify that next was called
+    let next_was_called = false;
+    const next = () => {
+      next_was_called = true;
+    };
+
+    controller(req, res, next);
+
+    const expected = {
+      meta: {},
+      data: [
+        {
+          _id: '10',
+          _type: 'neighbourhood',
+          layer: 'neighbourhood',
+          source: 'whosonfirst',
+          source_id: '10',
+          name: {
+            'default': 'neighbourhood name'
+          },
+          phrase: {
+            'default': 'neighbourhood name'
+          },
+          parent: {
+            neighbourhood: ['neighbourhood name'],
+            neighbourhood_id: ['10'],
+            neighbourhood_a: ['neighbourhood abbr'],
+            borough: ['borough name'],
+            borough_id: ['20'],
+            borough_a: ['borough abbr'],
+            locality: ['locality name'],
+            locality_id: ['30'],
+            locality_a: ['locality abbr'],
+            localadmin: ['localadmin name'],
+            localadmin_id: ['40'],
+            localadmin_a: ['localadmin abbr'],
+            county: ['county name'],
+            county_id: ['50'],
+            county_a: ['county abbr'],
+            macrocounty: ['macrocounty name'],
+            macrocounty_id: ['60'],
+            macrocounty_a: ['macrocounty abbr'],
+            region: ['region name'],
+            region_id: ['70'],
+            region_a: ['region abbr'],
+            macroregion: ['macroregion name'],
+            macroregion_id: ['80'],
+            macroregion_a: ['macroregion abbr'],
+            dependency: ['dependency name'],
+            dependency_id: ['90'],
+            dependency_a: ['dependency abbr'],
+            country: ['country name'],
+            country_id: ['100'],
+            country_a: ['xyz']
+          },
+          alpha3: 'XYZ',
+          center_point: {
+            lat: 12.121212,
+            lon: 21.212121
+          },
+          bounding_box: '{"min_lat":40.006751,"max_lat":40.072939,"min_lon":-76.345902,"max_lon":-76.254038}'
+        }
+      ]
+    };
+
+    t.deepEquals(res, expected);
+
+    t.notOk(logger.hasErrorMessages());
+    t.ok(next_was_called);
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+  test('layers missing from results should be ignored', (t) => {
+    const service = (point, callback) => {
+      const results = {
+        neighbourhood: [
+          {
+            id: 10,
+            name: 'neighbourhood name',
+            abbr: 'neighbourhood abbr',
+            centroid: {
+              lat: 12.121212,
+              lon: 21.212121
+            },
+            bounding_box: '-76.345902,40.006751,-76.254038,40.072939'
+          }
+        ]
+      };
+
+      callback(undefined, results);
+    };
+
+    const logger = require('pelias-mock-logger')();
+
+    const should_execute = () => { return true; };
+    const controller = proxyquire('../../../controller/coarse_reverse', {
+      'pelias-logger': logger
+    })(service, should_execute);
+
+    const req = {
+      clean: {
+        layers: ['neighbourhood'],
+        point: {
+          lat: 12.121212,
+          lon: 21.212121
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    const res = { };
+
+    // verify that next was called
+    let next_was_called = false;
+    const next = () => {
+      next_was_called = true;
+    };
+
+    controller(req, res, next);
+
+    const expected = {
+      meta: {},
+      data: [
+        {
+          _id: '10',
+          _type: 'neighbourhood',
+          layer: 'neighbourhood',
+          source: 'whosonfirst',
+          source_id: '10',
+          name: {
+            'default': 'neighbourhood name'
+          },
+          phrase: {
+            'default': 'neighbourhood name'
+          },
+          parent: {
+            neighbourhood: ['neighbourhood name'],
+            neighbourhood_id: ['10'],
+            neighbourhood_a: ['neighbourhood abbr']
+          },
+          center_point: {
+            lat: 12.121212,
+            lon: 21.212121
+          },
+          bounding_box: '{"min_lat":40.006751,"max_lat":40.072939,"min_lon":-76.345902,"max_lon":-76.254038}'
+        }
+      ]
+    };
+
+    t.deepEquals(res, expected);
+
+    t.notOk(logger.hasErrorMessages());
+    t.ok(next_was_called);
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+  test('most granular layer missing centroid should not set', (t) => {
+    const service = (point, callback) => {
+      const results = {
+        neighbourhood: [
+          {
+            id: 10,
+            name: 'neighbourhood name',
+            abbr: 'neighbourhood abbr',
+            bounding_box: '-76.345902,40.006751,-76.254038,40.072939'
+          }
+        ]
+      };
+
+      callback(undefined, results);
+    };
+
+    const logger = require('pelias-mock-logger')();
+
+    const should_execute = () => { return true; };
+    const controller = proxyquire('../../../controller/coarse_reverse', {
+      'pelias-logger': logger
+    })(service, should_execute);
+
+    const req = {
+      clean: {
+        layers: ['neighbourhood'],
+        point: {
+          lat: 12.121212,
+          lon: 21.212121
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    const res = { };
+
+    // verify that next was called
+    let next_was_called = false;
+    const next = () => {
+      next_was_called = true;
+    };
+
+    controller(req, res, next);
+
+    const expected = {
+      meta: {},
+      data: [
+        {
+          _id: '10',
+          _type: 'neighbourhood',
+          layer: 'neighbourhood',
+          source: 'whosonfirst',
+          source_id: '10',
+          name: {
+            'default': 'neighbourhood name'
+          },
+          phrase: {
+            'default': 'neighbourhood name'
+          },
+          parent: {
+            neighbourhood: ['neighbourhood name'],
+            neighbourhood_id: ['10'],
+            neighbourhood_a: ['neighbourhood abbr']
+          },
+          bounding_box: '{"min_lat":40.006751,"max_lat":40.072939,"min_lon":-76.345902,"max_lon":-76.254038}'
+        }
+      ]
+    };
+
+    t.deepEquals(res, expected);
+
+    t.notOk(logger.hasErrorMessages());
+    t.ok(next_was_called);
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+  test('most granular layer missing bounding_box should not set', (t) => {
+    const service = (point, callback) => {
+      const results = {
+        neighbourhood: [
+          {
+            id: 10,
+            name: 'neighbourhood name',
+            abbr: 'neighbourhood abbr',
+            centroid: {
+              lat: 12.121212,
+              lon: 21.212121
+            }
+          }
+        ]
+      };
+
+      callback(undefined, results);
+    };
+
+    const logger = require('pelias-mock-logger')();
+
+    const should_execute = () => { return true; };
+    const controller = proxyquire('../../../controller/coarse_reverse', {
+      'pelias-logger': logger
+    })(service, should_execute);
+
+    const req = {
+      clean: {
+        layers: ['neighbourhood'],
+        point: {
+          lat: 12.121212,
+          lon: 21.212121
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    const res = { };
+
+    // verify that next was called
+    let next_was_called = false;
+    const next = () => {
+      next_was_called = true;
+    };
+
+    controller(req, res, next);
+
+    const expected = {
+      meta: {},
+      data: [
+        {
+          _id: '10',
+          _type: 'neighbourhood',
+          layer: 'neighbourhood',
+          source: 'whosonfirst',
+          source_id: '10',
+          name: {
+            'default': 'neighbourhood name'
+          },
+          phrase: {
+            'default': 'neighbourhood name'
+          },
+          parent: {
+            neighbourhood: ['neighbourhood name'],
+            neighbourhood_id: ['10'],
+            neighbourhood_a: ['neighbourhood abbr']
+          },
+          center_point: {
+            lat: 12.121212,
+            lon: 21.212121
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    };
+
+    t.deepEquals(res, expected);
+
+    t.notOk(logger.hasErrorMessages());
+    t.ok(next_was_called);
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+};
+
+module.exports.tests.failure_conditions = (test, common) => {
+  test('service returning 0 results at the requested layer should return nothing', (t) => {
+    const service = (point, callback) => {
+      // response without neighbourhood results
+      const results = {
+        borough: [
+          { id: 20, name: 'borough name', abbr: 'borough abbr'},
+          { id: 21, name: 'borough name 2'}
+        ],
+        locality: [
+          { id: 30, name: 'locality name', abbr: 'locality abbr'},
+          { id: 31, name: 'locality name 2'}
+        ],
+        localadmin: [
+          { id: 40, name: 'localadmin name', abbr: 'localadmin abbr'},
+          { id: 41, name: 'localadmin name 2'}
+        ],
+        county: [
+          { id: 50, name: 'county name', abbr: 'county abbr'},
+          { id: 51, name: 'county name 2'}
+        ],
+        macrocounty: [
+          { id: 60, name: 'macrocounty name', abbr: 'macrocounty abbr'},
+          { id: 61, name: 'macrocounty name 2'}
+        ],
+        region: [
+          { id: 70, name: 'region name', abbr: 'region abbr'},
+          { id: 71, name: 'region name 2'}
+        ],
+        macroregion: [
+          { id: 80, name: 'macroregion name', abbr: 'macroregion abbr'},
+          { id: 81, name: 'macroregion name 2'}
+        ],
+        dependency: [
+          { id: 90, name: 'dependency name', abbr: 'dependency abbr'},
+          { id: 91, name: 'dependency name 2'}
+        ],
+        country: [
+          { id: 100, name: 'country name', abbr: 'xyz'},
+          { id: 101, name: 'country name 2'}
+        ]
+      };
+
+      callback(undefined, results);
+    };
+
+    const logger = require('pelias-mock-logger')();
+
+    const should_execute = () => { return true; };
+    const controller = proxyquire('../../../controller/coarse_reverse', {
+      'pelias-logger': logger
+    })(service, should_execute);
+
+    const req = {
+      clean: {
+        layers: ['neighbourhood'],
+        point: {
+          lat: 12.121212,
+          lon: 21.212121
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    const res = { };
+
+    // verify that next was called
+    let next_was_called = false;
+    const next = () => {
+      next_was_called = true;
+    };
+
+    controller(req, res, next);
+
+    const expected = {
+      meta: {},
+      data: []
+    };
+
+    t.deepEquals(res, expected);
+
+    t.notOk(logger.hasErrorMessages());
+    t.ok(next_was_called);
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+};
+
+module.exports.all = (tape, common) => {
+
+  function test(name, testFunction) {
+    return tape(`GET /coarse_reverse ${name}`, testFunction);
+  }
+
+  for( const testCase in module.exports.tests ){
+    module.exports.tests[testCase](test, common);
+  }
+};
diff --git a/test/unit/controller/place.js b/test/unit/controller/place.js
index 22622e05..25d99463 100644
--- a/test/unit/controller/place.js
+++ b/test/unit/controller/place.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 'use strict';
 
-const setup = require('../../../controller/search');
+const setup = require('../../../controller/place');
 const proxyquire =  require('proxyquire').noCallThru();
 
 module.exports.tests = {};
diff --git a/test/unit/controller/predicates/has_request_errors.js b/test/unit/controller/predicates/has_request_errors.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bd1868aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/unit/controller/predicates/has_request_errors.js
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const _ = require('lodash');
+const has_request_errors = require('../../../../controller/predicates/has_request_errors');
+
+module.exports.tests = {};
+
+module.exports.tests.interface = (test, common) => {
+  test('valid interface', (t) => {
+    t.equal(typeof has_request_errors, 'function', 'has_request_errors is a function');
+    t.end();
+  });
+};
+
+module.exports.tests.true_conditions = (test, common) => {
+  test('request with non-empty errors should return true', (t) => {
+    const req = {
+      errors: ['error']
+    };
+    const res = {};
+
+    t.ok(has_request_errors(req, res));
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+};
+
+module.exports.tests.false_conditions = (test, common) => {
+  test('response with undefined errors should return false', (t) => {
+    const req = {};
+    const res = {};
+
+    t.notOk(has_request_errors(req, res));
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+  test('response with empty errors array should return false', (t) => {
+    const req = {
+      errors: []
+    };
+    const res = {};
+
+    t.notOk(has_request_errors(req, res));
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+};
+
+module.exports.all = (tape, common) => {
+  function test(name, testFunction) {
+    return tape(`GET /has_request_errors ${name}`, testFunction);
+  }
+
+  for( const testCase in module.exports.tests ){
+    module.exports.tests[testCase](test, common);
+  }
+};
diff --git a/test/unit/controller/predicates/has_response_data.js b/test/unit/controller/predicates/has_response_data.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f073fc4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/unit/controller/predicates/has_response_data.js
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const _ = require('lodash');
+const has_response_data = require('../../../../controller/predicates/has_response_data');
+
+module.exports.tests = {};
+
+module.exports.tests.interface = (test, common) => {
+  test('valid interface', (t) => {
+    t.equal(typeof has_response_data, 'function', 'has_response_data is a function');
+    t.end();
+  });
+};
+
+module.exports.tests.true_conditions = (test, common) => {
+  test('response with non-empty data should return true', (t) => {
+    const req = {};
+    const res = {
+      data: [1]
+    };
+
+    t.ok(has_response_data(req, res));
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+};
+
+module.exports.tests.false_conditions = (test, common) => {
+  test('response with undefined data should return true', (t) => {
+    const req = {};
+    const res = {};
+
+    t.notOk(has_response_data(req, res));
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+  test('response with empty data array should return true', (t) => {
+    const req = {};
+    const res = {
+      data: []
+    };
+
+    t.notOk(has_response_data(req, res));
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+};
+
+module.exports.all = (tape, common) => {
+  function test(name, testFunction) {
+    return tape(`GET /has_response_data ${name}`, testFunction);
+  }
+
+  for( const testCase in module.exports.tests ){
+    module.exports.tests[testCase](test, common);
+  }
+};
diff --git a/test/unit/controller/predicates/is_coarse_reverse.js b/test/unit/controller/predicates/is_coarse_reverse.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a38e401
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/unit/controller/predicates/is_coarse_reverse.js
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const _ = require('lodash');
+const is_coarse_reverse = require('../../../../controller/predicates/is_coarse_reverse');
+
+const coarse_layers = [
+  'continent',
+  'country',
+  'dependency',
+  'macroregion',
+  'region',
+  'locality',
+  'localadmin',
+  'macrocounty',
+  'county',
+  'macrohood',
+  'borough',
+  'neighbourhood',
+  'microhood',
+  'disputed'
+];
+
+module.exports.tests = {};
+
+module.exports.tests.interface = (test, common) => {
+  test('valid interface', (t) => {
+    t.equal(typeof is_coarse_reverse, 'function', 'is_coarse_reverse is a function');
+    t.end();
+  });
+};
+
+module.exports.tests.false_conditions = (test, common) => {
+  test('request without layers should return false', (t) => {
+    const req = {
+      clean: {}
+    };
+
+    t.notOk(is_coarse_reverse(req));
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+  test('request with empty layers should return false', (t) => {
+    const req = {
+      clean: {
+        layers: []
+      }
+    };
+
+    t.notOk(is_coarse_reverse(req));
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+  test('request with layers just "address" or "venue" return false', (t) => {
+    ['address', 'street', 'venue'].forEach((non_coarse_layer) => {
+      const req = {
+        clean: {
+          layers: [non_coarse_layer]
+        }
+      };
+
+      t.notOk(is_coarse_reverse(req));
+
+    });
+
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+  test('request with layers containing "address" or "venue" and a coarse layer should return false', (t) => {
+    ['address', 'street', 'venue'].forEach((non_coarse_layer) => {
+      const req = {
+        clean: {
+          layers: [_.sample(coarse_layers), non_coarse_layer]
+        }
+      };
+
+      t.notOk(is_coarse_reverse(req));
+
+    });
+
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+  test('request with layers containing "address" and "venue" should return false', (t) => {
+    const req = {
+      clean: {
+        layers: ['address', 'venue']
+      }
+    };
+
+    t.notOk(is_coarse_reverse(req));
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+};
+
+module.exports.tests.true_conditions = (test, common) => {
+  test('request with non-empty layers and not containing "address" or "venue" should return true', (t) => {
+    coarse_layers.forEach((coarse_layer) => {
+      const req = {
+        clean: {
+          layers: [coarse_layer]
+        }
+      };
+
+      t.ok(is_coarse_reverse(req));
+
+    });
+
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+};
+
+module.exports.all = (tape, common) => {
+  function test(name, testFunction) {
+    return tape(`GET /is_coarse_reverse ${name}`, testFunction);
+  }
+
+  for( const testCase in module.exports.tests ){
+    module.exports.tests[testCase](test, common);
+  }
+};
diff --git a/test/unit/controller/predicates/is_pip_service_enabled.js b/test/unit/controller/predicates/is_pip_service_enabled.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d3cd63a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/unit/controller/predicates/is_pip_service_enabled.js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const _ = require('lodash');
+const is_pip_service_enabled = require('../../../../controller/predicates/is_pip_service_enabled');
+
+module.exports.tests = {};
+
+module.exports.tests.interface = (test, common) => {
+  test('valid interface', (t) => {
+    t.equal(typeof is_pip_service_enabled, 'function', 'is_pip_service_enabled  is a function');
+    t.equal(typeof is_pip_service_enabled(), 'function', 'is_pip_service_enabled() is a function');
+    t.end();
+  });
+};
+
+module.exports.tests.true_conditions = (test, common) => {
+  test('string uri should return true', (t) => {
+    t.ok(is_pip_service_enabled('pip uri')());
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+};
+
+module.exports.tests.false_conditions = (test, common) => {
+  test('undefined uri should return false', (t) => {
+    t.notOk(is_pip_service_enabled()());
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+};
+
+module.exports.all = (tape, common) => {
+  function test(name, testFunction) {
+    return tape(`GET /is_pip_service_enabled ${name}`, testFunction);
+  }
+
+  for( const testCase in module.exports.tests ){
+    module.exports.tests[testCase](test, common);
+  }
+};
diff --git a/test/unit/controller/search.js b/test/unit/controller/search.js
index 78e0b2d2..3f80f7d1 100644
--- a/test/unit/controller/search.js
+++ b/test/unit/controller/search.js
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ module.exports.tests.success = function(test, common) {
           };
         }
       }
-    })(config, esclient, query);
+    })(config, esclient, query, () => { return true; });
 
     const req = { clean: { }, errors: [], warnings: [] };
     const res = {};
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ module.exports.tests.success = function(test, common) {
           };
         }
       }
-    })(config, esclient, query);
+    })(config, esclient, query, () => { return true; });
 
     const req = { clean: { }, errors: [], warnings: [] };
     const res = {};
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ module.exports.tests.success = function(test, common) {
           };
         }
       }
-    })(config, esclient, query);
+    })(config, esclient, query, () => { return true; });
 
     const req = { clean: { }, errors: [], warnings: [] };
     const res = {};
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ module.exports.tests.success = function(test, common) {
           };
         }
       }
-    })(config, esclient, query);
+    })(config, esclient, query, () => { return true; });
 
     const req = { clean: { }, errors: [], warnings: [] };
     const res = {};
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ module.exports.tests.timeout = function(test, common) {
           };
         }
       }
-    })(config, esclient, query);
+    })(config, esclient, query, () => { return true; });
 
     const req = { clean: { }, errors: [], warnings: [] };
     const res = {};
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ module.exports.tests.timeout = function(test, common) {
 
         callback(timeoutError);
       }
-    })(config, esclient, query);
+    })(config, esclient, query, () => { return true; });
 
     const req = { clean: { }, errors: [], warnings: [] };
     const res = {};
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ module.exports.tests.timeout = function(test, common) {
 
         callback(nonTimeoutError);
       }
-    })(config, esclient, query);
+    })(config, esclient, query, () => { return true; });
 
     const req = { clean: { }, errors: [], warnings: [] };
     const res = {};
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ module.exports.tests.timeout = function(test, common) {
 
         callback(stringTypeError);
       }
-    })(config, esclient, query);
+    })(config, esclient, query, () => { return true; });
 
     const req = { clean: { }, errors: [], warnings: [] };
     const res = {};
@@ -494,49 +494,21 @@ module.exports.tests.timeout = function(test, common) {
 
 };
 
-module.exports.tests.existing_errors = function(test, common) {
-  test('req with errors should not call esclient or query', function(t) {
+module.exports.tests.should_execute = (test, common) => {
+  test('should_execute returning false and empty req.errors should call next', (t) => {
     const esclient = () => {
       throw new Error('esclient should not have been called');
     };
     const query = () => {
       throw new Error('query should not have been called');
     };
-    const controller = setup( {}, esclient, query );
-
-    // the existence of `errors` means that a sanitizer detected an error,
-    //  so don't call the esclient
-    const req = {
-      errors: ['error']
-    };
-    const res = { };
-
-    t.doesNotThrow(() => {
-      controller(req, res, () => {});
-    });
-    t.end();
-
-  });
-
-};
-
-module.exports.tests.existing_results = function(test, common) {
-  test('res with existing data should not call esclient or query', function(t) {
-    const esclient = () => {
-      throw new Error('esclient should not have been called');
-    };
-    const query = () => {
-      throw new Error('query should not have been called');
-    };
-    const controller = setup( {}, esclient, query );
+    const controller = setup( {}, esclient, query, () => { return false; } );
 
     const req = { };
-    // the existence of `data` means that there are already results so
-    // don't call esclient or query
-    const res = { data: [{}] };
+    const res = { };
 
-    const next = function() {
-      t.deepEqual(res, {data: [{}]});
+    const next = () => {
+      t.deepEqual(res, { });
       t.end();
     };
     controller(req, res, next);
@@ -559,7 +531,7 @@ module.exports.tests.undefined_query = function(test, common) {
         search_service_was_called = true;
         throw new Error('search service should not have been called');
       }
-    })(undefined, undefined, query);
+    })(undefined, undefined, query, () => { return true; });
 
     const next = () => {
       t.notOk(search_service_was_called, 'should have returned before search service was called');
diff --git a/test/unit/run.js b/test/unit/run.js
index 71b14e27..a16fb18e 100644
--- a/test/unit/run.js
+++ b/test/unit/run.js
@@ -11,9 +11,14 @@ var common = {
 var tests = [
   require('./app'),
   require('./schema'),
+  require('./controller/coarse_reverse'),
   require('./controller/index'),
   require('./controller/place'),
   require('./controller/search'),
+  require('./controller/predicates/has_response_data'),
+  require('./controller/predicates/has_request_errors'),
+  require('./controller/predicates/is_coarse_reverse'),
+  require('./controller/predicates/is_pip_service_enabled'),
   require('./helper/diffPlaces'),
   require('./helper/geojsonify'),
   require('./helper/logging'),
@@ -73,7 +78,8 @@ var tests = [
   require('./sanitizer/wrap'),
   require('./service/mget'),
   require('./service/search'),
-  require('./service/interpolation')
+  require('./service/interpolation'),
+  require('./service/pointinpolygon')
 ];
 
 tests.map(function(t) {
diff --git a/test/unit/schema.js b/test/unit/schema.js
index e1f9cfd2..6ed11add 100644
--- a/test/unit/schema.js
+++ b/test/unit/schema.js
@@ -367,6 +367,86 @@ module.exports.tests.api_validation = (test, common) => {
 
   });
 
+  test('non-string api.pipService should throw error', (t) => {
+    [null, 17, {}, [], true].forEach((value) => {
+      var config = {
+        api: {
+          version: 'version value',
+          indexName: 'index name value',
+          host: 'host value',
+          pipService: value
+        },
+        esclient: {}
+      };
+
+      t.throws(validate.bind(null, config), /"pipService" must be a string/);
+
+    });
+
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+  test('non-URI-formatted api.pipService should throw error', (t) => {
+    ['this is not a URI'].forEach((value) => {
+      var config = {
+        api: {
+          version: 'version value',
+          indexName: 'index name value',
+          host: 'host value',
+          pipService: value
+        },
+        esclient: {}
+      };
+
+      t.throws(validate.bind(null, config), /"pipService" must be a valid uri/);
+
+    });
+
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+  test('non-http/https api.pipService should throw error', (t) => {
+    ['ftp', 'git', 'unknown'].forEach((scheme) => {
+      var config = {
+        api: {
+          version: 'version value',
+          indexName: 'index name value',
+          host: 'host value',
+          pipService: `${scheme}://localhost`
+        },
+        esclient: {}
+      };
+
+      t.throws(validate.bind(null, config), /"pipService" must be a valid uri/);
+
+    });
+
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
+  test('http/https api.pipService should not throw error', (t) => {
+    ['http', 'https'].forEach((scheme) => {
+      var config = {
+        api: {
+          version: 'version value',
+          indexName: 'index name value',
+          host: 'host value',
+          pipService: `${scheme}://localhost`
+        },
+        esclient: {}
+      };
+
+      t.doesNotThrow(validate.bind(null, config), `${scheme} should be allowed`);
+
+    });
+
+    t.end();
+
+  });
+
 };
 
 module.exports.tests.esclient_validation = (test, common) => {
diff --git a/test/unit/service/pointinpolygon.js b/test/unit/service/pointinpolygon.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ac08b3f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/unit/service/pointinpolygon.js
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+const proxyquire = require('proxyquire').noCallThru();
+
+const setup = require('../../../service/pointinpolygon');
+
+module.exports.tests = {};
+
+module.exports.tests.interface = (test, common) => {
+  test('valid interface', (t) => {
+    const logger = require('pelias-mock-logger')();
+
+    var service = proxyquire('../../../service/pointinpolygon', {
+      'pelias-logger': logger
+    });
+
+    t.equal(typeof service, 'function', 'service is a function');
+    t.end();
+  });
+};
+
+module.exports.tests.do_nothing_service = (test, common) => {
+  test('undefined PiP uri should return service that logs fact that PiP service is not available', (t) => {
+    const logger = require('pelias-mock-logger')();
+
+    const service = proxyquire('../../../service/pointinpolygon', {
+      'pelias-logger': logger
+    })();
+
+    service({ lat: 12.121212, lon: 21.212121 }, (err) => {
+      t.deepEquals(logger.getWarnMessages(), [
+        'point-in-polygon service disabled'
+      ]);
+      t.equals(err, 'point-in-polygon service disabled, unable to resolve {"lat":12.121212,"lon":21.212121}');
+      t.end();
+    });
+
+  });
+
+};
+
+module.exports.tests.success = (test, common) => {
+  test('lat and lon should be passed to server', (t) => {
+    const pipServer = require('express')();
+    pipServer.get('/:lon/:lat', (req, res, next) => {
+      t.equals(req.params.lat, '12.121212');
+      t.equals(req.params.lon, '21.212121');
+
+      res.send('{ "field": "value" }');
+    });
+
+    const server = pipServer.listen();
+    const port = server.address().port;
+
+    const logger = require('pelias-mock-logger')();
+
+    const service = proxyquire('../../../service/pointinpolygon', {
+      'pelias-logger': logger
+    })(`http://localhost:${port}`);
+
+    service({ lat: 12.121212, lon: 21.212121}, (err, results) => {
+      t.notOk(err);
+      t.deepEquals(results, { field: 'value' });
+
+      t.ok(logger.isInfoMessage(`using point-in-polygon service at http://localhost:${port}`));
+      t.notOk(logger.hasErrorMessages());
+      
+      t.end();
+
+      server.close();
+
+    });
+
+  });
+
+};
+
+module.exports.tests.failure = (test, common) => {
+  test('server returning success but non-JSON body should log error and return no results', (t) => {
+    const pipServer = require('express')();
+    pipServer.get('/:lon/:lat', (req, res, next) => {
+      t.equals(req.params.lat, '12.121212');
+      t.equals(req.params.lon, '21.212121');
+
+      res.send('this is not JSON');
+    });
+
+    const server = pipServer.listen();
+    const port = server.address().port;
+
+    const logger = require('pelias-mock-logger')();
+
+    const service = proxyquire('../../../service/pointinpolygon', {
+      'pelias-logger': logger
+    })(`http://localhost:${port}`);
+
+    service({ lat: 12.121212, lon: 21.212121}, (err, results) => {
+      t.equals(err, `http://localhost:${port}/21.212121/12.121212 returned status 200 but with non-JSON response: this is not JSON`);
+      t.notOk(results);
+      t.ok(logger.isErrorMessage(`http://localhost:${port}/21.212121/12.121212: could not parse response body: this is not JSON`));
+      t.end();
+
+      server.close();
+
+    });
+
+  });
+
+  test('server returning error should log it and return no results', (t) => {
+    const server = require('express')().listen();
+    const port = server.address().port;
+
+    // immediately close the server so to ensure an error response
+    server.close();
+
+    const logger = require('pelias-mock-logger')();
+
+    const service = proxyquire('../../../service/pointinpolygon', {
+      'pelias-logger': logger
+    })(`http://localhost:${port}`);
+
+    service({ lat: 12.121212, lon: 21.212121}, (err, results) => {
+      t.equals(err.code, 'ECONNREFUSED');
+      t.notOk(results);
+      t.ok(logger.isErrorMessage(/ECONNREFUSED/), 'there should be a connection refused error message');
+      t.end();
+
+      server.close();
+
+    });
+
+  });
+
+  test('non-OK status should log error and return no results', (t) => {
+    const pipServer = require('express')();
+    pipServer.get('/:lat/:lon', (req, res, next) => {
+      res.status(400).send('a bad request was made');
+    });
+
+    const server = pipServer.listen();
+    const port = server.address().port;
+
+    const logger = require('pelias-mock-logger')();
+
+    const service = proxyquire('../../../service/pointinpolygon', {
+      'pelias-logger': logger
+    })(`http://localhost:${port}`);
+
+    service({ lat: 12.121212, lon: 21.212121}, (err, results) => {
+      t.equals(err, `http://localhost:${port}/21.212121/12.121212 returned status 400: a bad request was made`);
+      t.notOk(results);
+      t.ok(logger.isErrorMessage(`http://localhost:${port}/21.212121/12.121212 returned status 400: a bad request was made`));
+      t.end();
+
+      server.close();
+
+    });
+
+  });
+
+};
+
+module.exports.all = (tape, common) => {
+  function test(name, testFunction) {
+    return tape(`SERVICE /pointinpolygon ${name}`, testFunction);
+  }
+
+  for( var testCase in module.exports.tests ){
+    module.exports.tests[testCase](test, common);
+  }
+};