flask/tests/test_basic.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
    tests.basic
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    The basic functionality.

    :copyright: (c) 2014 by Armin Ronacher.
    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""

import re
import uuid
import time
import flask
import pickle
import unittest
from datetime import datetime
from threading import Thread
from tests import TestFlask, emits_module_deprecation_warning
from flask._compat import text_type
from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest, NotFound, Forbidden
from werkzeug.http import parse_date
from werkzeug.routing import BuildError


class TestBasicFunctionality(TestFlask):

    def test_options_work(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        @app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
        def index():
            return 'Hello World'
        rv = app.test_client().open('/', method='OPTIONS')
        self.assert_equal(sorted(rv.allow), ['GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'POST'])
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'')

    def test_options_on_multiple_rules(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        @app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
        def index():
            return 'Hello World'
        @app.route('/', methods=['PUT'])
        def index_put():
            return 'Aha!'
        rv = app.test_client().open('/', method='OPTIONS')
        self.assert_equal(sorted(rv.allow), ['GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'POST', 'PUT'])

    def test_options_handling_disabled(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        def index():
            return 'Hello World!'
        index.provide_automatic_options = False
        app.route('/')(index)
        rv = app.test_client().open('/', method='OPTIONS')
        self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 405)

        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        def index2():
            return 'Hello World!'
        index2.provide_automatic_options = True
        app.route('/', methods=['OPTIONS'])(index2)
        rv = app.test_client().open('/', method='OPTIONS')
        self.assert_equal(sorted(rv.allow), ['OPTIONS'])

    def test_request_dispatching(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        @app.route('/')
        def index():
            return flask.request.method
        @app.route('/more', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
        def more():
            return flask.request.method

        c = app.test_client()
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/').data, b'GET')
        rv = c.post('/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 405)
        self.assert_equal(sorted(rv.allow), ['GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS'])
        rv = c.head('/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 200)
        self.assert_false(rv.data) # head truncates
        self.assert_equal(c.post('/more').data, b'POST')
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/more').data, b'GET')
        rv = c.delete('/more')
        self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 405)
        self.assert_equal(sorted(rv.allow), ['GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'POST'])

    def test_disallow_string_for_allowed_methods(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        with self.assert_raises(TypeError):
            @app.route('/', methods='GET POST')
            def index():
                return "Hey"

    def test_url_mapping(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        def index():
            return flask.request.method
        def more():
            return flask.request.method

        app.add_url_rule('/', 'index', index)
        app.add_url_rule('/more', 'more', more, methods=['GET', 'POST'])

        c = app.test_client()
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/').data, b'GET')
        rv = c.post('/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 405)
        self.assert_equal(sorted(rv.allow), ['GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS'])
        rv = c.head('/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 200)
        self.assert_false(rv.data) # head truncates
        self.assert_equal(c.post('/more').data, b'POST')
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/more').data, b'GET')
        rv = c.delete('/more')
        self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 405)
        self.assert_equal(sorted(rv.allow), ['GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'POST'])

    def test_werkzeug_routing(self):
        from werkzeug.routing import Submount, Rule
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.url_map.add(Submount('/foo', [
            Rule('/bar', endpoint='bar'),
            Rule('/', endpoint='index')
        ]))
        def bar():
            return 'bar'
        def index():
            return 'index'
        app.view_functions['bar'] = bar
        app.view_functions['index'] = index

        c = app.test_client()
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/foo/').data, b'index')
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/foo/bar').data, b'bar')

    def test_endpoint_decorator(self):
        from werkzeug.routing import Submount, Rule
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.url_map.add(Submount('/foo', [
            Rule('/bar', endpoint='bar'),
            Rule('/', endpoint='index')
        ]))

        @app.endpoint('bar')
        def bar():
            return 'bar'

        @app.endpoint('index')
        def index():
            return 'index'

        c = app.test_client()
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/foo/').data, b'index')
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/foo/bar').data, b'bar')

    def test_session(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.secret_key = 'testkey'
        @app.route('/set', methods=['POST'])
        def set():
            flask.session['value'] = flask.request.form['value']
            return 'value set'
        @app.route('/get')
        def get():
            return flask.session['value']

        c = app.test_client()
        self.assert_equal(c.post('/set', data={'value': '42'}).data, b'value set')
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/get').data, b'42')

    def test_session_using_server_name(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.config.update(
            SECRET_KEY='foo',
            SERVER_NAME='example.com'
        )
        @app.route('/')
        def index():
            flask.session['testing'] = 42
            return 'Hello World'
        rv = app.test_client().get('/', 'http://example.com/')
        self.assert_in('domain=.example.com', rv.headers['set-cookie'].lower())
        self.assert_in('httponly', rv.headers['set-cookie'].lower())

    def test_session_using_server_name_and_port(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.config.update(
            SECRET_KEY='foo',
            SERVER_NAME='example.com:8080'
        )
        @app.route('/')
        def index():
            flask.session['testing'] = 42
            return 'Hello World'
        rv = app.test_client().get('/', 'http://example.com:8080/')
        self.assert_in('domain=.example.com', rv.headers['set-cookie'].lower())
        self.assert_in('httponly', rv.headers['set-cookie'].lower())

    def test_session_using_server_name_port_and_path(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.config.update(
            SECRET_KEY='foo',
            SERVER_NAME='example.com:8080',
            APPLICATION_ROOT='/foo'
        )
        @app.route('/')
        def index():
            flask.session['testing'] = 42
            return 'Hello World'
        rv = app.test_client().get('/', 'http://example.com:8080/foo')
        self.assert_in('domain=example.com', rv.headers['set-cookie'].lower())
        self.assert_in('path=/foo', rv.headers['set-cookie'].lower())
        self.assert_in('httponly', rv.headers['set-cookie'].lower())

    def test_session_using_application_root(self):
        class PrefixPathMiddleware(object):
            def __init__(self, app, prefix):
                self.app = app
                self.prefix = prefix
            def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
                environ['SCRIPT_NAME'] = self.prefix
                return self.app(environ, start_response)

        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.wsgi_app = PrefixPathMiddleware(app.wsgi_app, '/bar')
        app.config.update(
            SECRET_KEY='foo',
            APPLICATION_ROOT='/bar'
        )
        @app.route('/')
        def index():
            flask.session['testing'] = 42
            return 'Hello World'
        rv = app.test_client().get('/', 'http://example.com:8080/')
        self.assert_in('path=/bar', rv.headers['set-cookie'].lower())

    def test_session_using_session_settings(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.config.update(
            SECRET_KEY='foo',
            SERVER_NAME='www.example.com:8080',
            APPLICATION_ROOT='/test',
            SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN='.example.com',
            SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY=False,
            SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE=True,
            SESSION_COOKIE_PATH='/'
        )
        @app.route('/')
        def index():
            flask.session['testing'] = 42
            return 'Hello World'
        rv = app.test_client().get('/', 'http://www.example.com:8080/test/')
        cookie = rv.headers['set-cookie'].lower()
        self.assert_in('domain=.example.com', cookie)
        self.assert_in('path=/', cookie)
        self.assert_in('secure', cookie)
        self.assert_not_in('httponly', cookie)

    def test_missing_session(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        def expect_exception(f, *args, **kwargs):
            try:
                f(*args, **kwargs)
            except RuntimeError as e:
                self.assert_true(e.args and 'session is unavailable' in e.args[0])
            else:
                self.assert_true(False, 'expected exception')
        with app.test_request_context():
            self.assert_true(flask.session.get('missing_key') is None)
            expect_exception(flask.session.__setitem__, 'foo', 42)
            expect_exception(flask.session.pop, 'foo')

    def test_session_expiration(self):
        permanent = True
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.secret_key = 'testkey'
        @app.route('/')
        def index():
            flask.session['test'] = 42
            flask.session.permanent = permanent
            return ''

        @app.route('/test')
        def test():
            return text_type(flask.session.permanent)

        client = app.test_client()
        rv = client.get('/')
        self.assert_in('set-cookie', rv.headers)
        match = re.search(r'\bexpires=([^;]+)(?i)', rv.headers['set-cookie'])
        expires = parse_date(match.group())
        expected = datetime.utcnow() + app.permanent_session_lifetime
        self.assert_equal(expires.year, expected.year)
        self.assert_equal(expires.month, expected.month)
        self.assert_equal(expires.day, expected.day)

        rv = client.get('/test')
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'True')

        permanent = False
        rv = app.test_client().get('/')
        self.assert_in('set-cookie', rv.headers)
        match = re.search(r'\bexpires=([^;]+)', rv.headers['set-cookie'])
        self.assert_true(match is None)

    def test_session_stored_last(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.secret_key = 'development-key'
        app.testing = True

        @app.after_request
        def modify_session(response):
            flask.session['foo'] = 42
            return response
        @app.route('/')
        def dump_session_contents():
            return repr(flask.session.get('foo'))

        c = app.test_client()
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/').data, b'None')
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/').data, b'42')

    def test_session_special_types(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.secret_key = 'development-key'
        app.testing = True
        now = datetime.utcnow().replace(microsecond=0)
        the_uuid = uuid.uuid4()

        @app.after_request
        def modify_session(response):
            flask.session['m'] = flask.Markup('Hello!')
            flask.session['u'] = the_uuid
            flask.session['dt'] = now
            flask.session['b'] = b'\xff'
            flask.session['t'] = (1, 2, 3)
            return response

        @app.route('/')
        def dump_session_contents():
            return pickle.dumps(dict(flask.session))

        c = app.test_client()
        c.get('/')
        rv = pickle.loads(c.get('/').data)
        self.assert_equal(rv['m'], flask.Markup('Hello!'))
        self.assert_equal(type(rv['m']), flask.Markup)
        self.assert_equal(rv['dt'], now)
        self.assert_equal(rv['u'], the_uuid)
        self.assert_equal(rv['b'], b'\xff')
        self.assert_equal(type(rv['b']), bytes)
        self.assert_equal(rv['t'], (1, 2, 3))

    def test_session_cookie_setting(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.testing = True
        app.secret_key = 'dev key'
        is_permanent = True

        @app.route('/bump')
        def bump():
            rv = flask.session['foo'] = flask.session.get('foo', 0) + 1
            flask.session.permanent = is_permanent
            return str(rv)

        @app.route('/read')
        def read():
            return str(flask.session.get('foo', 0))

        def run_test(expect_header):
            with app.test_client() as c:
                self.assert_equal(c.get('/bump').data, b'1')
                self.assert_equal(c.get('/bump').data, b'2')
                self.assert_equal(c.get('/bump').data, b'3')

                rv = c.get('/read')
                set_cookie = rv.headers.get('set-cookie')
                self.assert_equal(set_cookie is not None, expect_header)
                self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'3')

        is_permanent = True
        app.config['SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST'] = True
        run_test(expect_header=True)

        is_permanent = True
        app.config['SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST'] = False
        run_test(expect_header=False)

        is_permanent = False
        app.config['SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST'] = True
        run_test(expect_header=False)

        is_permanent = False
        app.config['SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST'] = False
        run_test(expect_header=False)

    def test_flashes(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.secret_key = 'testkey'

        with app.test_request_context():
            self.assert_false(flask.session.modified)
            flask.flash('Zap')
            flask.session.modified = False
            flask.flash('Zip')
            self.assert_true(flask.session.modified)
            self.assert_equal(list(flask.get_flashed_messages()), ['Zap', 'Zip'])

    def test_extended_flashing(self):
        # Be sure app.testing=True below, else tests can fail silently.
        #
        # Specifically, if app.testing is not set to True, the AssertionErrors
        # in the view functions will cause a 500 response to the test client
        # instead of propagating exceptions.

        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.secret_key = 'testkey'
        app.testing = True

        @app.route('/')
        def index():
            flask.flash(u'Hello World')
            flask.flash(u'Hello World', 'error')
            flask.flash(flask.Markup(u'<em>Testing</em>'), 'warning')
            return ''

        @app.route('/test/')
        def test():
            messages = flask.get_flashed_messages()
            self.assert_equal(len(messages), 3)
            self.assert_equal(messages[0], u'Hello World')
            self.assert_equal(messages[1], u'Hello World')
            self.assert_equal(messages[2], flask.Markup(u'<em>Testing</em>'))
            return ''

        @app.route('/test_with_categories/')
        def test_with_categories():
            messages = flask.get_flashed_messages(with_categories=True)
            self.assert_equal(len(messages), 3)
            self.assert_equal(messages[0], ('message', u'Hello World'))
            self.assert_equal(messages[1], ('error', u'Hello World'))
            self.assert_equal(messages[2], ('warning', flask.Markup(u'<em>Testing</em>')))
            return ''

        @app.route('/test_filter/')
        def test_filter():
            messages = flask.get_flashed_messages(category_filter=['message'], with_categories=True)
            self.assert_equal(len(messages), 1)
            self.assert_equal(messages[0], ('message', u'Hello World'))
            return ''

        @app.route('/test_filters/')
        def test_filters():
            messages = flask.get_flashed_messages(category_filter=['message', 'warning'], with_categories=True)
            self.assert_equal(len(messages), 2)
            self.assert_equal(messages[0], ('message', u'Hello World'))
            self.assert_equal(messages[1], ('warning', flask.Markup(u'<em>Testing</em>')))
            return ''

        @app.route('/test_filters_without_returning_categories/')
        def test_filters2():
            messages = flask.get_flashed_messages(category_filter=['message', 'warning'])
            self.assert_equal(len(messages), 2)
            self.assert_equal(messages[0], u'Hello World')
            self.assert_equal(messages[1], flask.Markup(u'<em>Testing</em>'))
            return ''

        # Create new test client on each test to clean flashed messages.

        c = app.test_client()
        c.get('/')
        c.get('/test/')

        c = app.test_client()
        c.get('/')
        c.get('/test_with_categories/')

        c = app.test_client()
        c.get('/')
        c.get('/test_filter/')

        c = app.test_client()
        c.get('/')
        c.get('/test_filters/')

        c = app.test_client()
        c.get('/')
        c.get('/test_filters_without_returning_categories/')

    def test_request_processing(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        evts = []
        @app.before_request
        def before_request():
            evts.append('before')
        @app.after_request
        def after_request(response):
            response.data += b'|after'
            evts.append('after')
            return response
        @app.route('/')
        def index():
            self.assert_in('before', evts)
            self.assert_not_in('after', evts)
            return 'request'
        self.assert_not_in('after', evts)
        rv = app.test_client().get('/').data
        self.assert_in('after', evts)
        self.assert_equal(rv, b'request|after')

    def test_after_request_processing(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.testing = True
        @app.route('/')
        def index():
            @flask.after_this_request
            def foo(response):
                response.headers['X-Foo'] = 'a header'
                return response
            return 'Test'
        c = app.test_client()
        resp = c.get('/')
        self.assert_equal(resp.status_code, 200)
        self.assert_equal(resp.headers['X-Foo'], 'a header')

    def test_teardown_request_handler(self):
        called = []
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        @app.teardown_request
        def teardown_request(exc):
            called.append(True)
            return "Ignored"
        @app.route('/')
        def root():
            return "Response"
        rv = app.test_client().get('/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 200)
        self.assert_in(b'Response', rv.data)
        self.assert_equal(len(called), 1)

    def test_teardown_request_handler_debug_mode(self):
        called = []
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.testing = True
        @app.teardown_request
        def teardown_request(exc):
            called.append(True)
            return "Ignored"
        @app.route('/')
        def root():
            return "Response"
        rv = app.test_client().get('/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 200)
        self.assert_in(b'Response', rv.data)
        self.assert_equal(len(called), 1)

    def test_teardown_request_handler_error(self):
        called = []
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.config['LOGGER_HANDLER_POLICY'] = 'never'
        @app.teardown_request
        def teardown_request1(exc):
            self.assert_equal(type(exc), ZeroDivisionError)
            called.append(True)
            # This raises a new error and blows away sys.exc_info(), so we can
            # test that all teardown_requests get passed the same original
            # exception.
            try:
                raise TypeError()
            except:
                pass
        @app.teardown_request
        def teardown_request2(exc):
            self.assert_equal(type(exc), ZeroDivisionError)
            called.append(True)
            # This raises a new error and blows away sys.exc_info(), so we can
            # test that all teardown_requests get passed the same original
            # exception.
            try:
                raise TypeError()
            except:
                pass
        @app.route('/')
        def fails():
            1 // 0
        rv = app.test_client().get('/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 500)
        self.assert_in(b'Internal Server Error', rv.data)
        self.assert_equal(len(called), 2)

    def test_before_after_request_order(self):
        called = []
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        @app.before_request
        def before1():
            called.append(1)
        @app.before_request
        def before2():
            called.append(2)
        @app.after_request
        def after1(response):
            called.append(4)
            return response
        @app.after_request
        def after2(response):
            called.append(3)
            return response
        @app.teardown_request
        def finish1(exc):
            called.append(6)
        @app.teardown_request
        def finish2(exc):
            called.append(5)
        @app.route('/')
        def index():
            return '42'
        rv = app.test_client().get('/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'42')
        self.assert_equal(called, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

    def test_error_handling(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.config['LOGGER_HANDLER_POLICY'] = 'never'
        @app.errorhandler(404)
        def not_found(e):
            return 'not found', 404
        @app.errorhandler(500)
        def internal_server_error(e):
            return 'internal server error', 500
        @app.errorhandler(Forbidden)
        def forbidden(e):
            return 'forbidden', 403
        @app.route('/')
        def index():
            flask.abort(404)
        @app.route('/error')
        def error():
            1 // 0
        @app.route('/forbidden')
        def error2():
            flask.abort(403)
        c = app.test_client()
        rv = c.get('/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 404)
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'not found')
        rv = c.get('/error')
        self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 500)
        self.assert_equal(b'internal server error', rv.data)
        rv = c.get('/forbidden')
        self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 403)
        self.assert_equal(b'forbidden', rv.data)

    def test_before_request_and_routing_errors(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        @app.before_request
        def attach_something():
            flask.g.something = 'value'
        @app.errorhandler(404)
        def return_something(error):
            return flask.g.something, 404
        rv = app.test_client().get('/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 404)
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'value')

    def test_user_error_handling(self):
        class MyException(Exception):
            pass

        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        @app.errorhandler(MyException)
        def handle_my_exception(e):
            self.assert_true(isinstance(e, MyException))
            return '42'
        @app.route('/')
        def index():
            raise MyException()

        c = app.test_client()
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/').data, b'42')

    def test_http_error_subclass_handling(self):
        class ForbiddenSubclass(Forbidden):
            pass

        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        @app.errorhandler(ForbiddenSubclass)
        def handle_forbidden_subclass(e):
            self.assert_true(isinstance(e, ForbiddenSubclass))
            return 'banana'
        @app.errorhandler(403)
        def handle_forbidden_subclass(e):
            self.assert_false(isinstance(e, ForbiddenSubclass))
            self.assert_true(isinstance(e, Forbidden))
            return 'apple'

        @app.route('/1')
        def index1():
            raise ForbiddenSubclass()
        @app.route('/2')
        def index2():
            flask.abort(403)
        @app.route('/3')
        def index3():
            raise Forbidden()

        c = app.test_client()
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/1').data, b'banana')
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/2').data, b'apple')
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/3').data, b'apple')

    def test_trapping_of_bad_request_key_errors(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.testing = True
        @app.route('/fail')
        def fail():
            flask.request.form['missing_key']
        c = app.test_client()
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/fail').status_code, 400)

        app.config['TRAP_BAD_REQUEST_ERRORS'] = True
        c = app.test_client()
        try:
            c.get('/fail')
        except KeyError as e:
            self.assert_true(isinstance(e, BadRequest))
        else:
            self.fail('Expected exception')

    def test_trapping_of_all_http_exceptions(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.testing = True
        app.config['TRAP_HTTP_EXCEPTIONS'] = True
        @app.route('/fail')
        def fail():
            flask.abort(404)

        c = app.test_client()
        try:
            c.get('/fail')
        except NotFound as e:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail('Expected exception')

    def test_enctype_debug_helper(self):
        from flask.debughelpers import DebugFilesKeyError
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.debug = True
        @app.route('/fail', methods=['POST'])
        def index():
            return flask.request.files['foo'].filename

        # with statement is important because we leave an exception on the
        # stack otherwise and we want to ensure that this is not the case
        # to not negatively affect other tests.
        with app.test_client() as c:
            try:
                c.post('/fail', data={'foo': 'index.txt'})
            except DebugFilesKeyError as e:
                self.assert_in('no file contents were transmitted', str(e))
                self.assert_in('This was submitted: "index.txt"', str(e))
            else:
                self.fail('Expected exception')

    def test_response_creation(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        @app.route('/unicode')
        def from_unicode():
            return u'Hällo Wörld'
        @app.route('/string')
        def from_string():
            return u'Hällo Wörld'.encode('utf-8')
        @app.route('/args')
        def from_tuple():
            return 'Meh', 400, {
                'X-Foo': 'Testing',
                'Content-Type': 'text/plain; charset=utf-8'
            } 
        @app.route('/two_args')
        def from_two_args_tuple():
            return 'Hello', {
                'X-Foo': 'Test',
                'Content-Type': 'text/plain; charset=utf-8'
            }
        @app.route('/args_status')
        def from_status_tuple():
            return 'Hi, status!', 400
        @app.route('/args_header')
        def from_response_instance_status_tuple():
            return flask.Response('Hello world', 404), {
                "X-Foo": "Bar",
                "X-Bar": "Foo"
            }

        c = app.test_client()
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/unicode').data, u'Hällo Wörld'.encode('utf-8'))
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/string').data, u'Hällo Wörld'.encode('utf-8'))
        rv = c.get('/args')
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'Meh')
        self.assert_equal(rv.headers['X-Foo'], 'Testing')
        self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 400)
        self.assert_equal(rv.mimetype, 'text/plain')
        rv2 = c.get('/two_args')
        self.assert_equal(rv2.data, b'Hello')
        self.assert_equal(rv2.headers['X-Foo'], 'Test')
        self.assert_equal(rv2.status_code, 200)
        self.assert_equal(rv2.mimetype, 'text/plain')
        rv3 = c.get('/args_status')
        self.assert_equal(rv3.data, b'Hi, status!')
        self.assert_equal(rv3.status_code, 400)
        self.assert_equal(rv3.mimetype, 'text/html')
        rv4 = c.get('/args_header')
        self.assert_equal(rv4.data, b'Hello world')
        self.assert_equal(rv4.headers['X-Foo'], 'Bar')
        self.assert_equal(rv4.headers['X-Bar'], 'Foo')
        self.assert_equal(rv4.status_code, 404)

    def test_make_response(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        with app.test_request_context():
            rv = flask.make_response()
            self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 200)
            self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'')
            self.assert_equal(rv.mimetype, 'text/html')

            rv = flask.make_response('Awesome')
            self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 200)
            self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'Awesome')
            self.assert_equal(rv.mimetype, 'text/html')

            rv = flask.make_response('W00t', 404)
            self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 404)
            self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'W00t')
            self.assert_equal(rv.mimetype, 'text/html')

    def test_make_response_with_response_instance(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        with app.test_request_context():
            rv = flask.make_response(
                flask.jsonify({'msg': 'W00t'}), 400)
            self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 400)
            self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'{\n  "msg": "W00t"\n}')
            self.assert_equal(rv.mimetype, 'application/json')

            rv = flask.make_response(
                flask.Response(''), 400)
            self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 400)
            self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'')
            self.assert_equal(rv.mimetype, 'text/html')

            rv = flask.make_response(
                flask.Response('', headers={'Content-Type': 'text/html'}),
                400, [('X-Foo', 'bar')])
            self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 400)
            self.assert_equal(rv.headers['Content-Type'], 'text/html')
            self.assert_equal(rv.headers['X-Foo'], 'bar')

    def test_url_generation(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        @app.route('/hello/<name>', methods=['POST'])
        def hello():
            pass
        with app.test_request_context():
            self.assert_equal(flask.url_for('hello', name='test x'), '/hello/test%20x')
            self.assert_equal(flask.url_for('hello', name='test x', _external=True),
                              'http://localhost/hello/test%20x')

    def test_build_error_handler(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)

        # Test base case, a URL which results in a BuildError.
        with app.test_request_context():
            self.assert_raises(BuildError, flask.url_for, 'spam')

        # Verify the error is re-raised if not the current exception.
        try:
            with app.test_request_context():
                flask.url_for('spam')
        except BuildError as err:
            error = err
        try:
            raise RuntimeError('Test case where BuildError is not current.')
        except RuntimeError:
            self.assert_raises(BuildError, app.handle_url_build_error, error, 'spam', {})

        # Test a custom handler.
        def handler(error, endpoint, values):
            # Just a test.
            return '/test_handler/'
        app.url_build_error_handlers.append(handler)
        with app.test_request_context():
            self.assert_equal(flask.url_for('spam'), '/test_handler/')

    def test_custom_converters(self):
        from werkzeug.routing import BaseConverter
        class ListConverter(BaseConverter):
            def to_python(self, value):
                return value.split(',')
            def to_url(self, value):
                base_to_url = super(ListConverter, self).to_url
                return ','.join(base_to_url(x) for x in value)
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.url_map.converters['list'] = ListConverter
        @app.route('/<list:args>')
        def index(args):
            return '|'.join(args)
        c = app.test_client()
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/1,2,3').data, b'1|2|3')

    def test_static_files(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.testing = True
        rv = app.test_client().get('/static/index.html')
        self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 200)
        self.assert_equal(rv.data.strip(), b'<h1>Hello World!</h1>')
        with app.test_request_context():
            self.assert_equal(flask.url_for('static', filename='index.html'),
                              '/static/index.html')
        rv.close()

    def test_none_response(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.testing = True
        @app.route('/')
        def test():
            return None
        try:
            app.test_client().get('/')
        except ValueError as e:
            self.assert_equal(str(e), 'View function did not return a response')
            pass
        else:
            self.assert_true("Expected ValueError")

    def test_request_locals(self):
        self.assert_equal(repr(flask.g), '<LocalProxy unbound>')
        self.assert_false(flask.g)

    def test_test_app_proper_environ(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.config.update(
            SERVER_NAME='localhost.localdomain:5000'
        )
        @app.route('/')
        def index():
            return 'Foo'

        @app.route('/', subdomain='foo')
        def subdomain():
            return 'Foo SubDomain'

        rv = app.test_client().get('/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'Foo')

        rv = app.test_client().get('/', 'http://localhost.localdomain:5000')
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'Foo')

        rv = app.test_client().get('/', 'https://localhost.localdomain:5000')
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'Foo')

        app.config.update(SERVER_NAME='localhost.localdomain')
        rv = app.test_client().get('/', 'https://localhost.localdomain')
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'Foo')

        try:
            app.config.update(SERVER_NAME='localhost.localdomain:443')
            rv = app.test_client().get('/', 'https://localhost.localdomain')
            # Werkzeug 0.8
            self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 404)
        except ValueError as e:
            # Werkzeug 0.7
            self.assert_equal(str(e), "the server name provided " +
                    "('localhost.localdomain:443') does not match the " + \
                    "server name from the WSGI environment ('localhost.localdomain')")

        try:
            app.config.update(SERVER_NAME='localhost.localdomain')
            rv = app.test_client().get('/', 'http://foo.localhost')
            # Werkzeug 0.8
            self.assert_equal(rv.status_code, 404)
        except ValueError as e:
            # Werkzeug 0.7
            self.assert_equal(str(e), "the server name provided " + \
                    "('localhost.localdomain') does not match the " + \
                    "server name from the WSGI environment ('foo.localhost')")

        rv = app.test_client().get('/', 'http://foo.localhost.localdomain')
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'Foo SubDomain')

    def test_exception_propagation(self):
        def apprunner(configkey):
            app = flask.Flask(__name__)
            app.config['LOGGER_HANDLER_POLICY'] = 'never'
            @app.route('/')
            def index():
                1 // 0
            c = app.test_client()
            if config_key is not None:
                app.config[config_key] = True
                try:
                    c.get('/')
                except Exception:
                    pass
                else:
                    self.fail('expected exception')
            else:
                self.assert_equal(c.get('/').status_code, 500)

        # we have to run this test in an isolated thread because if the
        # debug flag is set to true and an exception happens the context is
        # not torn down.  This causes other tests that run after this fail
        # when they expect no exception on the stack.
        for config_key in 'TESTING', 'PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS', 'DEBUG', None:
            t = Thread(target=apprunner, args=(config_key,))
            t.start()
            t.join()

    def test_max_content_length(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.config['MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH'] = 64
        @app.before_request
        def always_first():
            flask.request.form['myfile']
            self.assert_true(False)
        @app.route('/accept', methods=['POST'])
        def accept_file():
            flask.request.form['myfile']
            self.assert_true(False)
        @app.errorhandler(413)
        def catcher(error):
            return '42'

        c = app.test_client()
        rv = c.post('/accept', data={'myfile': 'foo' * 100})
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'42')

    def test_url_processors(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)

        @app.url_defaults
        def add_language_code(endpoint, values):
            if flask.g.lang_code is not None and \
               app.url_map.is_endpoint_expecting(endpoint, 'lang_code'):
                values.setdefault('lang_code', flask.g.lang_code)

        @app.url_value_preprocessor
        def pull_lang_code(endpoint, values):
            flask.g.lang_code = values.pop('lang_code', None)

        @app.route('/<lang_code>/')
        def index():
            return flask.url_for('about')

        @app.route('/<lang_code>/about')
        def about():
            return flask.url_for('something_else')

        @app.route('/foo')
        def something_else():
            return flask.url_for('about', lang_code='en')

        c = app.test_client()

        self.assert_equal(c.get('/de/').data, b'/de/about')
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/de/about').data, b'/foo')
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/foo').data, b'/en/about')

    def test_inject_blueprint_url_defaults(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        bp = flask.Blueprint('foo.bar.baz', __name__,
                       template_folder='template')

        @bp.url_defaults
        def bp_defaults(endpoint, values):
            values['page'] = 'login'
        @bp.route('/<page>')
        def view(page): pass

        app.register_blueprint(bp)

        values = dict()
        app.inject_url_defaults('foo.bar.baz.view', values)
        expected = dict(page='login')
        self.assert_equal(values, expected)

        with app.test_request_context('/somepage'):
            url = flask.url_for('foo.bar.baz.view')
        expected = '/login'
        self.assert_equal(url, expected)

    def test_nonascii_pathinfo(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.testing = True

        @app.route(u'/киртест')
        def index():
            return 'Hello World!'

        c = app.test_client()
        rv = c.get(u'/киртест')
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'Hello World!')

    def test_debug_mode_complains_after_first_request(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.debug = True
        @app.route('/')
        def index():
            return 'Awesome'
        self.assert_false(app.got_first_request)
        self.assert_equal(app.test_client().get('/').data, b'Awesome')
        try:
            @app.route('/foo')
            def broken():
                return 'Meh'
        except AssertionError as e:
            self.assert_in('A setup function was called', str(e))
        else:
            self.fail('Expected exception')

        app.debug = False
        @app.route('/foo')
        def working():
            return 'Meh'
        self.assert_equal(app.test_client().get('/foo').data, b'Meh')
        self.assert_true(app.got_first_request)

    def test_before_first_request_functions(self):
        got = []
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        @app.before_first_request
        def foo():
            got.append(42)
        c = app.test_client()
        c.get('/')
        self.assert_equal(got, [42])
        c.get('/')
        self.assert_equal(got, [42])
        self.assert_true(app.got_first_request)

    def test_before_first_request_functions_concurrent(self):
        got = []
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)

        @app.before_first_request
        def foo():
            time.sleep(0.2)
            got.append(42)

        c = app.test_client()
        def get_and_assert():
            c.get("/")
            self.assert_equal(got, [42])

        t = Thread(target=get_and_assert)
        t.start()
        get_and_assert()
        t.join()
        self.assert_true(app.got_first_request)

    def test_routing_redirect_debugging(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.debug = True
        @app.route('/foo/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
        def foo():
            return 'success'
        with app.test_client() as c:
            try:
                c.post('/foo', data={})
            except AssertionError as e:
                self.assert_in('http://localhost/foo/', str(e))
                self.assert_in('Make sure to directly send your POST-request '
                               'to this URL', str(e))
            else:
                self.fail('Expected exception')

            rv = c.get('/foo', data={}, follow_redirects=True)
            self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'success')

        app.debug = False
        with app.test_client() as c:
            rv = c.post('/foo', data={}, follow_redirects=True)
            self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'success')

    def test_route_decorator_custom_endpoint(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.debug = True

        @app.route('/foo/')
        def foo():
            return flask.request.endpoint

        @app.route('/bar/', endpoint='bar')
        def for_bar():
            return flask.request.endpoint

        @app.route('/bar/123', endpoint='123')
        def for_bar_foo():
            return flask.request.endpoint

        with app.test_request_context():
            assert flask.url_for('foo') == '/foo/'
            assert flask.url_for('bar') == '/bar/'
            assert flask.url_for('123') == '/bar/123'

        c = app.test_client()
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/foo/').data, b'foo')
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/bar/').data, b'bar')
        self.assert_equal(c.get('/bar/123').data, b'123')

    def test_preserve_only_once(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.debug = True

        @app.route('/fail')
        def fail_func():
            1 // 0

        c = app.test_client()
        for x in range(3):
            with self.assert_raises(ZeroDivisionError):
                c.get('/fail')

        self.assert_true(flask._request_ctx_stack.top is not None)
        self.assert_true(flask._app_ctx_stack.top is not None)
        # implicit appctx disappears too
        flask._request_ctx_stack.top.pop()
        self.assert_true(flask._request_ctx_stack.top is None)
        self.assert_true(flask._app_ctx_stack.top is None)

    def test_preserve_remembers_exception(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.debug = True
        errors = []

        @app.route('/fail')
        def fail_func():
            1 // 0

        @app.route('/success')
        def success_func():
            return 'Okay'

        @app.teardown_request
        def teardown_handler(exc):
            errors.append(exc)

        c = app.test_client()

        # After this failure we did not yet call the teardown handler
        with self.assert_raises(ZeroDivisionError):
            c.get('/fail')
        self.assert_equal(errors, [])

        # But this request triggers it, and it's an error
        c.get('/success')
        self.assert_equal(len(errors), 2)
        self.assert_true(isinstance(errors[0], ZeroDivisionError))

        # At this point another request does nothing.
        c.get('/success')
        self.assert_equal(len(errors), 3)
        self.assert_equal(errors[1], None)

    def test_get_method_on_g(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.testing = True

        with app.app_context():
            self.assert_equal(flask.g.get('x'), None)
            self.assert_equal(flask.g.get('x', 11), 11)
            flask.g.x = 42
            self.assert_equal(flask.g.get('x'), 42)
            self.assert_equal(flask.g.x, 42)

    def test_g_iteration_protocol(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.testing = True

        with app.app_context():
            flask.g.foo = 23
            flask.g.bar = 42
            self.assert_equal('foo' in flask.g, True)
            self.assert_equal('foos' in flask.g, False)
            self.assert_equal(sorted(flask.g), ['bar', 'foo'])


class TestSubdomain(TestFlask):

    def test_basic_support(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.config['SERVER_NAME'] = 'localhost'
        @app.route('/')
        def normal_index():
            return 'normal index'
        @app.route('/', subdomain='test')
        def test_index():
            return 'test index'

        c = app.test_client()
        rv = c.get('/', 'http://localhost/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'normal index')

        rv = c.get('/', 'http://test.localhost/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'test index')

    def test_subdomain_matching(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.config['SERVER_NAME'] = 'localhost'
        @app.route('/', subdomain='<user>')
        def index(user):
            return 'index for %s' % user

        c = app.test_client()
        rv = c.get('/', 'http://mitsuhiko.localhost/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'index for mitsuhiko')

    def test_subdomain_matching_with_ports(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        app.config['SERVER_NAME'] = 'localhost:3000'
        @app.route('/', subdomain='<user>')
        def index(user):
            return 'index for %s' % user

        c = app.test_client()
        rv = c.get('/', 'http://mitsuhiko.localhost:3000/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'index for mitsuhiko')

    def test_multi_route_rules(self):
        app = flask.Flask(__name__)

        @app.route('/')
        @app.route('/<test>/')
        def index(test='a'):
            return test

        rv = app.test_client().open('/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'a')
        rv = app.test_client().open('/b/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'b')

    def test_multi_route_class_views(self):
        class View(object):
            def __init__(self, app):
                app.add_url_rule('/', 'index', self.index)
                app.add_url_rule('/<test>/', 'index', self.index)

            def index(self, test='a'):
                return test

        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
        _ = View(app)
        rv = app.test_client().open('/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'a')
        rv = app.test_client().open('/b/')
        self.assert_equal(rv.data, b'b')