show nice message when registering error handler for unknown code

clean up error handler docs
closes #1837

docs/errorhandling.rst

@@ -76,49 +76,72 @@ Error handlers
 You might want to show custom error pages to the user when an error occurs.
 This can be done by registering error handlers.
 
-Error handlers are normal :ref:`views` but instead of being registered for
-routes, they are registered for exceptions that are raised while trying to
-do something else.
+An error handler is a normal view function that return a response, but instead
+of being registered for a route, it is registered for an exception or HTTP
+status code that would is raised while trying to handle a request.
 
 Registering
 ```````````
 
-Register error handlers using :meth:`~flask.Flask.errorhandler` or
-:meth:`~flask.Flask.register_error_handler`::
+Register handlers by decorating a function with
+:meth:`~flask.Flask.errorhandler`. Or use
+:meth:`~flask.Flask.register_error_handler` to register the function later.
+Remember to set the error code when returning the response. ::
 
     @app.errorhandler(werkzeug.exceptions.BadRequest)
     def handle_bad_request(e):
-        return 'bad request!'
+        return 'bad request!', 400
 
-    app.register_error_handler(400, lambda e: 'bad request!')
+    # or, without the decorator
+    app.register_error_handler(400, handle_bad_request)
 
-Those two ways are equivalent, but the first one is more clear and leaves
-you with a function to call on your whim (and in tests).  Note that
 :exc:`werkzeug.exceptions.HTTPException` subclasses like
-:exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.BadRequest` from the example and their HTTP codes
-are interchangeable when handed to the registration methods or decorator
-(``BadRequest.code == 400``).
+:exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.BadRequest` and their HTTP codes are interchangeable
+when registering handlers. (``BadRequest.code == 400``)
 
-You are however not limited to :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.HTTPException`
-or HTTP status codes but can register a handler for every exception class you
-like.
+Non-standard HTTP codes cannot be registered by code because they are not known
+by Werkzeug. Instead, define a subclass of
+:class:`~werkzeug.exceptions.HTTPException` with the appropriate code and
+register and raise that exception class. ::
 
-.. versionchanged:: 0.11
+    class InsufficientStorage(werkzeug.exceptions.HTTPException):
+        code = 507
+        description = 'Not enough storage space.'
+
+    app.register_error_handler(InsuffcientStorage, handle_507)
 
-   Errorhandlers are now prioritized by specificity of the exception classes
-   they are registered for instead of the order they are registered in.
+    raise InsufficientStorage()
+
+Handlers can be registered for any exception class, not just
+:exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.HTTPException` subclasses or HTTP status
+codes. Handlers can be registered for a specific class, or for all subclasses
+of a parent class.
 
 Handling
 ````````
 
-Once an exception instance is raised, its class hierarchy is traversed,
-and searched for in the exception classes for which handlers are registered.
-The most specific handler is selected.
+When an exception is caught by Flask while handling a request, it is first
+looked up by code. If no handler is registered for the code, it is looked up
+by its class hierarchy; the most specific handler is chosen. If no handler is
+registered, :class:`~werkzeug.exceptions.HTTPException` subclasses show a
+generic message about their code, while other exceptions are converted to a
+generic 500 Internal Server Error.
 
-E.g. if an instance of :exc:`ConnectionRefusedError` is raised, and a handler
+For example, if an instance of :exc:`ConnectionRefusedError` is raised, and a handler
 is registered for :exc:`ConnectionError` and :exc:`ConnectionRefusedError`,
-the more specific :exc:`ConnectionRefusedError` handler is called on the
-exception instance, and its response is shown to the user.
+the more specific :exc:`ConnectionRefusedError` handler is called with the
+exception instance to generate the response.
+
+Handlers registered on the blueprint take precedence over those registered
+globally on the application, assuming a blueprint is handling the request that
+raises the exception. However, the blueprint cannot handle 404 routing errors
+because the 404 occurs at the routing level before the blueprint can be
+determined.
+
+.. versionchanged:: 0.11
+
+   Handlers are prioritized by specificity of the exception classes they are
+   registered for instead of the order they are registered in.
 
 Error Mails
 -----------

flask/app.py

@@ -1166,7 +1166,9 @@ class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
 
     @setupmethod
     def errorhandler(self, code_or_exception):
-        """A decorator that is used to register a function given an
+        """Register a function to handle errors by code or exception class.
+
+        A decorator that is used to register a function given an
         error code.  Example::
 
             @app.errorhandler(404)
@@ -1179,21 +1181,6 @@ class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
             def special_exception_handler(error):
                 return 'Database connection failed', 500
 
-        You can also register a function as error handler without using
-        the :meth:`errorhandler` decorator.  The following example is
-        equivalent to the one above::
-
-            def page_not_found(error):
-                return 'This page does not exist', 404
-            app.error_handler_spec[None][404] = page_not_found
-
-        Setting error handlers via assignments to :attr:`error_handler_spec`
-        however is discouraged as it requires fiddling with nested dictionaries
-        and the special case for arbitrary exception types.
-
-        The first ``None`` refers to the active blueprint.  If the error
-        handler should be application wide ``None`` shall be used.
-
         .. versionadded:: 0.7
             Use :meth:`register_error_handler` instead of modifying
             :attr:`error_handler_spec` directly, for application wide error
@@ -1212,6 +1199,7 @@ class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
             return f
         return decorator
 
+    @setupmethod
     def register_error_handler(self, code_or_exception, f):
         """Alternative error attach function to the :meth:`errorhandler`
         decorator that is more straightforward to use for non decorator
@@ -1230,11 +1218,18 @@ class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
         """
         if isinstance(code_or_exception, HTTPException):  # old broken behavior
             raise ValueError(
-                'Tried to register a handler for an exception instance {0!r}. '
-                'Handlers can only be registered for exception classes or HTTP error codes.'
-                .format(code_or_exception))
+                'Tried to register a handler for an exception instance {0!r}.'
+                ' Handlers can only be registered for exception classes or'
+                ' HTTP error codes.'.format(code_or_exception)
+            )
 
-        exc_class, code = self._get_exc_class_and_code(code_or_exception)
+        try:
+            exc_class, code = self._get_exc_class_and_code(code_or_exception)
+        except KeyError:
+            raise KeyError(
+                "'{0}' is not a recognized HTTP error code. Use a subclass of"
+                " HTTPException with that code instead.".format(code_or_exception)
+            )
 
         handlers = self.error_handler_spec.setdefault(key, {}).setdefault(code, {})
         handlers[exc_class] = f
@@ -1339,7 +1334,7 @@ class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
     @setupmethod
     def before_request(self, f):
         """Registers a function to run before each request.
-        
+
         For example, this can be used to open a database connection, or to load
         the logged in user from the session.
 
@@ -1467,12 +1462,12 @@ class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
         """Register a URL value preprocessor function for all view
         functions in the application. These functions will be called before the
         :meth:`before_request` functions.
-        
+
         The function can modify the values captured from the matched url before
         they are passed to the view. For example, this can be used to pop a
         common language code value and place it in ``g`` rather than pass it to
         every view.
-        
+
         The function is passed the endpoint name and values dict. The return
         value is ignored.
         """
@@ -1543,7 +1538,7 @@ class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
         exception is not called and it shows up as regular exception in the
         traceback.  This is helpful for debugging implicitly raised HTTP
         exceptions.
-        
+
         .. versionchanged:: 1.0
             Bad request errors are not trapped by default in debug mode.
 
@@ -1783,10 +1778,10 @@ class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
             ``str`` (``unicode`` in Python 2)
                 A response object is created with the string encoded to UTF-8
                 as the body.
-                
+
             ``bytes`` (``str`` in Python 2)
                 A response object is created with the bytes as the body.
-                
+
             ``tuple``
                 Either ``(body, status, headers)``, ``(body, status)``, or
                 ``(body, headers)``, where ``body`` is any of the other types
@@ -1795,13 +1790,13 @@ class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
                 tuples. If ``body`` is a :attr:`response_class` instance,
                 ``status`` overwrites the exiting value and ``headers`` are
                 extended.
-    
+
             :attr:`response_class`
                 The object is returned unchanged.
-            
+
             other :class:`~werkzeug.wrappers.Response` class
                 The object is coerced to :attr:`response_class`.
-                
+
             :func:`callable`
                 The function is called as a WSGI application. The result is
                 used to create a response object.
@@ -1938,7 +1933,7 @@ class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
         :attr:`url_value_preprocessors` registered with the app and the
         current blueprint (if any). Then calls :attr:`before_request_funcs`
         registered with the app and the blueprint.
-        
+
         If any :meth:`before_request` handler returns a non-None value, the
         value is handled as if it was the return value from the view, and
         further request handling is stopped.

tests/test_basic.py

@@ -870,6 +870,13 @@ def test_error_handling(app, client):
     assert b'forbidden' == rv.data
 
 
+def test_error_handler_unknown_code(app):
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError) as exc_info:
+        app.register_error_handler(999, lambda e: ('999', 999))
+
+    assert 'Use a subclass' in exc_info.value.args[0]
+
+
 def test_error_handling_processing(app, client):
     app.config['LOGGER_HANDLER_POLICY'] = 'never'
     app.testing = False