Merge branch 'json-sessions'

CHANGES

@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ Version 0.10
 
 Release date to be decided.
 
+- Changed default cookie serialization format from pickle to JSON to
+  limit the impact an attacker can do if the secret key leaks.  See
+  :ref:`upgrading-to-010` for more information.
+
 Version 0.9
 -----------
 

docs/api.rst

@@ -215,6 +215,9 @@ implementation that Flask is using.
 .. autoclass:: SecureCookieSessionInterface
    :members:
 
+.. autoclass:: SecureCookieSession
+   :members:
+
 .. autoclass:: NullSession
    :members:
 

docs/upgrading.rst

@@ -19,6 +19,20 @@ installation, make sure to pass it the ``-U`` parameter::
 
     $ easy_install -U Flask
 
+.. _upgrading-to-010:
+
+Version 0.10
+------------
+
+The biggest change going from 0.9 to 0.10 is that the cookie serialization
+format changed from pickle to a specialized JSON format.  This change has
+been done in order to avoid the damage an attacker can do if the secret
+key is leaked.  When you upgrade you will notice two major changes: all
+sessions that were issued before the upgrade are invalidated and you can
+only store a limited amount of types in the session.
+
+TODO: add external module for session upgrading
+
 Version 0.9
 -----------
 

flask/__init__.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from jinja2 import Markup, escape
 
 from .app import Flask, Request, Response
 from .config import Config
-from .helpers import url_for, jsonify, json_available, flash, \
+from .helpers import url_for, jsonify, flash, \
     send_file, send_from_directory, get_flashed_messages, \
     get_template_attribute, make_response, safe_join, \
     stream_with_context
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ from .signals import signals_available, template_rendered, request_started, \
      request_finished, got_request_exception, request_tearing_down
 
 # only import json if it's available
-if json_available:
+from .helpers import json
-    from .helpers import json
 
 # backwards compat, goes away in 1.0
 from .sessions import SecureCookieSession as Session
+json_available = True

flask/helpers.py

@@ -23,21 +23,9 @@ from werkzeug.routing import BuildError
 from werkzeug.urls import url_quote
 from functools import update_wrapper
 
-# try to load the best simplejson implementation available.  If JSON
+# Use the same json implementation as itsdangerous on which we
-# is not installed, we add a failing class.
+# depend anyways.
-json_available = True
+from itsdangerous import simplejson as json
-json = None
-try:
-    import simplejson as json
-except ImportError:
-    try:
-        import json
-    except ImportError:
-        try:
-            # Google Appengine offers simplejson via django
-            from django.utils import simplejson as json
-        except ImportError:
-            json_available = False
 
 
 from werkzeug.datastructures import Headers
@@ -55,19 +43,10 @@ from .globals import session, _request_ctx_stack, _app_ctx_stack, \
      current_app, request
 
 
-def _assert_have_json():
-    """Helper function that fails if JSON is unavailable."""
-    if not json_available:
-        raise RuntimeError('simplejson not installed')
-
-
 # figure out if simplejson escapes slashes.  This behavior was changed
 # from one version to another without reason.
-if not json_available or '\\/' not in json.dumps('/'):
+if '\\/' not in json.dumps('/'):
-
     def _tojson_filter(*args, **kwargs):
-        if __debug__:
-            _assert_have_json()
         return json.dumps(*args, **kwargs).replace('/', '\\/')
 else:
     _tojson_filter = json.dumps
@@ -192,8 +171,6 @@ def jsonify(*args, **kwargs):
 
     .. versionadded:: 0.2
     """
-    if __debug__:
-        _assert_have_json()
     return current_app.response_class(json.dumps(dict(*args, **kwargs),
         indent=None if request.is_xhr else 2), mimetype='application/json')
 

flask/sessions.py

@@ -10,8 +10,14 @@
     :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
 """
 
+import hashlib
 from datetime import datetime
-from werkzeug.contrib.securecookie import SecureCookie
+from werkzeug.http import http_date, parse_date
+from werkzeug.datastructures import CallbackDict
+from .helpers import json
+from . import Markup
+
+from itsdangerous import URLSafeTimedSerializer, BadSignature
 
 
 class SessionMixin(object):
@@ -41,11 +47,53 @@ class SessionMixin(object):
     modified = True
 
 
-class SecureCookieSession(SecureCookie, SessionMixin):
+class TaggedJSONSerializer(object):
-    """Expands the session with support for switching between permanent
+    """A customized JSON serializer that supports a few extra types that
-    and non-permanent sessions.
+    we take for granted when serializing (tuples, markup objects, datetime).
     """
 
+    def dumps(self, value):
+        def _tag(value):
+            if isinstance(value, tuple):
+                return {' t': [_tag(x) for x in value]}
+            elif callable(getattr(value, '__html__', None)):
+                return {' m': unicode(value.__html__())}
+            elif isinstance(value, list):
+                return [_tag(x) for x in value]
+            elif isinstance(value, datetime):
+                return {' d': http_date(value)}
+            elif isinstance(value, dict):
+                return dict((k, _tag(v)) for k, v in value.iteritems())
+            return value
+        return json.dumps(_tag(value), separators=(',', ':'))
+
+    def loads(self, value):
+        def object_hook(obj):
+            if len(obj) != 1:
+                return obj
+            the_key, the_value = obj.iteritems().next()
+            if the_key == ' t':
+                return tuple(the_value)
+            elif the_key == ' m':
+                return Markup(the_value)
+            elif the_key == ' d':
+                return parse_date(the_value)
+            return obj
+        return json.loads(value, object_hook=object_hook)
+
+
+session_json_serializer = TaggedJSONSerializer()
+
+
+class SecureCookieSession(CallbackDict, SessionMixin):
+    """Baseclass for sessions based on signed cookies."""
+
+    def __init__(self, initial=None):
+        def on_update(self):
+            self.modified = True
+        CallbackDict.__init__(self, initial, on_update)
+        self.modified = False
+
 
 class NullSession(SecureCookieSession):
     """Class used to generate nicer error messages if sessions are not
@@ -98,6 +146,13 @@ class SessionInterface(object):
     #: this type.
     null_session_class = NullSession
 
+    #: A flag that indicates if the session interface is pickle based.
+    #: This can be used by flask extensions to make a decision in regards
+    #: to how to deal with the session object.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 0.10
+    pickle_based = False
+
     def make_null_session(self, app):
         """Creates a null session which acts as a replacement object if the
         real session support could not be loaded due to a configuration
@@ -178,28 +233,60 @@ class SessionInterface(object):
 
 
 class SecureCookieSessionInterface(SessionInterface):
-    """The cookie session interface that uses the Werkzeug securecookie
+    """The default session interface that stores sessions in signed cookies
-    as client side session backend.
+    through the :mod:`itsdangerous` module.
     """
+    #: the salt that should be applied on top of the secret key for the
+    #: signing of cookie based sessions.
+    salt = 'cookie-session'
+    #: the hash function to use for the signature.  The default is sha1
+    digest_method = staticmethod(hashlib.sha1)
+    #: the name of the itsdangerous supported key derivation.  The default
+    #: is hmac.
+    key_derivation = 'hmac'
+    #: A python serializer for the payload.  The default is a compact
+    #: JSON derived serializer with support for some extra Python types
+    #: such as datetime objects or tuples.
+    serializer = session_json_serializer
     session_class = SecureCookieSession
 
+    def get_signing_serializer(self, app):
+        if not app.secret_key:
+            return None
+        signer_kwargs = dict(
+            key_derivation=self.key_derivation,
+            digest_method=self.digest_method
+        )
+        return URLSafeTimedSerializer(app.secret_key, salt=self.salt,
+                                      serializer=self.serializer,
+                                      signer_kwargs=signer_kwargs)
+
     def open_session(self, app, request):
-        key = app.secret_key
+        s = self.get_signing_serializer(app)
-        if key is not None:
+        if s is None:
-            return self.session_class.load_cookie(request,
+            return None
-                                                  app.session_cookie_name,
+        val = request.cookies.get(app.session_cookie_name)
-                                                  secret_key=key)
+        if not val:
+            return self.session_class()
+        max_age = app.permanent_session_lifetime.total_seconds()
+        try:
+            data = s.loads(val, max_age=max_age)
+            return self.session_class(data)
+        except BadSignature:
+            return self.session_class()
 
     def save_session(self, app, session, response):
-        expires = self.get_expiration_time(app, session)
         domain = self.get_cookie_domain(app)
         path = self.get_cookie_path(app)
+        if not session:
+            if session.modified:
+                response.delete_cookie(app.session_cookie_name,
+                                       domain=domain, path=path)
+            return
         httponly = self.get_cookie_httponly(app)
         secure = self.get_cookie_secure(app)
-        if session.modified and not session:
+        expires = self.get_expiration_time(app, session)
-            response.delete_cookie(app.session_cookie_name, path=path,
+        val = self.get_signing_serializer(app).dumps(dict(session))
-                                   domain=domain)
+        response.set_cookie(app.session_cookie_name, val,
-        else:
-            session.save_cookie(response, app.session_cookie_name, path=path,
                             expires=expires, httponly=httponly,
-                                secure=secure, domain=domain)
+                            domain=domain, path=path, secure=secure)

flask/testsuite/basic.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from __future__ import with_statement
 
 import re
 import flask
+import pickle
 import unittest
 from datetime import datetime
 from threading import Thread
@@ -297,6 +298,31 @@ class BasicFunctionalityTestCase(FlaskTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(c.get('/').data, 'None')
         self.assert_equal(c.get('/').data, '42')
 
+    def test_session_special_types(self):
+        app = flask.Flask(__name__)
+        app.secret_key = 'development-key'
+        app.testing = True
+        now = datetime.utcnow().replace(microsecond=0)
+
+        @app.after_request
+        def modify_session(response):
+            flask.session['m'] = flask.Markup('Hello!')
+            flask.session['dt'] = now
+            flask.session['t'] = (1, 2, 3)
+            return response
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def dump_session_contents():
+            return pickle.dumps(dict(flask.session))
+
+        c = app.test_client()
+        c.get('/')
+        rv = pickle.loads(c.get('/').data)
+        self.assert_equal(rv['m'], flask.Markup('Hello!'))
+        self.assert_equal(type(rv['m']), flask.Markup)
+        self.assert_equal(rv['dt'], now)
+        self.assert_equal(rv['t'], (1, 2, 3))
+
     def test_flashes(self):
         app = flask.Flask(__name__)
         app.secret_key = 'testkey'

flask/wrappers.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from werkzeug.utils import cached_property
 
 from .exceptions import JSONBadRequest
 from .debughelpers import attach_enctype_error_multidict
-from .helpers import json, _assert_have_json
+from .helpers import json
 from .globals import _request_ctx_stack
 
 
@@ -95,8 +95,6 @@ class Request(RequestBase):
 
         This requires Python 2.6 or an installed version of simplejson.
         """
-        if __debug__:
-            _assert_have_json()
         if self.mimetype == 'application/json':
             request_charset = self.mimetype_params.get('charset')
             try:

setup.py

@@ -91,7 +91,8 @@ setup(
     platforms='any',
     install_requires=[
         'Werkzeug>=0.7',
-        'Jinja2>=2.4'
+        'Jinja2>=2.4',
+        'itsdangerous>=0.17'
     ],
     classifiers=[
         'Development Status :: 4 - Beta',