* Full [`sql.RawBytes`](http://golang.org/pkg/database/sql/#RawBytes) support.
* Full [`sql.RawBytes`](https://golang.org/pkg/database/sql/#RawBytes) support.
* Intelligent `LONG DATA` handling in prepared statements
* Intelligent `LONG DATA` handling in prepared statements
* Secure `LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE` support with file Whitelisting and `io.Reader` support
* Secure `LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE` support with file Whitelisting and `io.Reader` support
* Optional `time.Time` parsing
* Optional `time.Time` parsing
* Optional placeholder interpolation
* Optional placeholder interpolation
## Requirements
## Requirements
* Go 1.2 or higher
* Go 1.7 or higher. We aim to support the 3 latest versions of Go.
* MySQL (4.1+), MariaDB, Percona Server, Google CloudSQL or Sphinx (2.2.3+)
* MySQL (4.1+), MariaDB, Percona Server, Google CloudSQL or Sphinx (2.2.3+)
---------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
## Installation
## Installation
Simple install the package to your [$GOPATH](http://code.google.com/p/go-wiki/wiki/GOPATH "GOPATH") with the [go tool](http://golang.org/cmd/go/ "go command") from shell:
Simple install the package to your [$GOPATH](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/GOPATH "GOPATH") with the [go tool](https://golang.org/cmd/go/ "go command") from shell:
```bash
```bash
$ go get github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql
$ go get -u github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql
```
```
Make sure [Git is installed](http://git-scm.com/downloads) on your machine and in your system's `PATH`.
Make sure [Git is installed](https://git-scm.com/downloads) on your machine and in your system's `PATH`.
## Usage
## Usage
_Go MySQL Driver_ is an implementation of Go's `database/sql/driver` interface. You only need to import the driver and can use the full [`database/sql`](http://golang.org/pkg/database/sql) API then.
_Go MySQL Driver_ is an implementation of Go's `database/sql/driver` interface. You only need to import the driver and can use the full [`database/sql`](https://golang.org/pkg/database/sql/) API then.
Use `mysql` as `driverName` and a valid [DSN](#dsn-data-source-name) as `dataSourceName`:
Use `mysql` as `driverName` and a valid [DSN](#dsn-data-source-name) as `dataSourceName`:
Passwords can consist of any character. Escaping is **not** necessary.
Passwords can consist of any character. Escaping is **not** necessary.
#### Protocol
#### Protocol
See [net.Dial](http://golang.org/pkg/net/#Dial) for more information which networks are available.
See [net.Dial](https://golang.org/pkg/net/#Dial) for more information which networks are available.
In general you should use an Unix domain socket if available and TCP otherwise for best performance.
In general you should use an Unix domain socket if available and TCP otherwise for best performance.
#### Address
#### Address
For TCP and UDP networks, addresses have the form `host:port`.
For TCP and UDP networks, addresses have the form `host[:port]`.
If `port` is omitted, the default port will be used.
If `host` is a literal IPv6 address, it must be enclosed in square brackets.
If `host` is a literal IPv6 address, it must be enclosed in square brackets.
The functions [net.JoinHostPort](http://golang.org/pkg/net/#JoinHostPort) and [net.SplitHostPort](http://golang.org/pkg/net/#SplitHostPort) manipulate addresses in this form.
The functions [net.JoinHostPort](https://golang.org/pkg/net/#JoinHostPort) and [net.SplitHostPort](https://golang.org/pkg/net/#SplitHostPort) manipulate addresses in this form.
For Unix domain sockets the address is the absolute path to the MySQL-Server-socket, e.g. `/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock` or `/tmp/mysql.sock`.
For Unix domain sockets the address is the absolute path to the MySQL-Server-socket, e.g. `/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock` or `/tmp/mysql.sock`.
@ -135,6 +135,15 @@ Default: false
`allowCleartextPasswords=true` allows using the [cleartext client side plugin](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/en/cleartext-authentication-plugin.html) if required by an account, such as one defined with the [PAM authentication plugin](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/en/pam-authentication-plugin.html). Sending passwords in clear text may be a security problem in some configurations. To avoid problems if there is any possibility that the password would be intercepted, clients should connect to MySQL Server using a method that protects the password. Possibilities include [TLS / SSL](#tls), IPsec, or a private network.
`allowCleartextPasswords=true` allows using the [cleartext client side plugin](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/en/cleartext-authentication-plugin.html) if required by an account, such as one defined with the [PAM authentication plugin](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/en/pam-authentication-plugin.html). Sending passwords in clear text may be a security problem in some configurations. To avoid problems if there is any possibility that the password would be intercepted, clients should connect to MySQL Server using a method that protects the password. Possibilities include [TLS / SSL](#tls), IPsec, or a private network.
##### `allowNativePasswords`
```
Type: bool
Valid Values: true, false
Default: true
```
`allowNativePasswords=false` disallows the usage of MySQL native password method.
##### `allowOldPasswords`
##### `allowOldPasswords`
```
```
@ -215,11 +224,19 @@ Valid Values: <escaped name>
Default: UTC
Default: UTC
```
```
Sets the location for time.Time values (when using `parseTime=true`). *"Local"* sets the system's location. See [time.LoadLocation](http://golang.org/pkg/time/#LoadLocation) for details.
Sets the location for time.Time values (when using `parseTime=true`). *"Local"* sets the system's location. See [time.LoadLocation](https://golang.org/pkg/time/#LoadLocation) for details.
Note that this sets the location for time.Time values but does not change MySQL's [time_zone setting](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/time-zone-support.html). For that see the [time_zone system variable](#system-variables), which can also be set as a DSN parameter.
Note that this sets the location for time.Time values but does not change MySQL's [time_zone setting](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/time-zone-support.html). For that see the [time_zone system variable](#system-variables), which can also be set as a DSN parameter.
Please keep in mind, that param values must be [url.QueryEscape](http://golang.org/pkg/net/url/#QueryEscape)'ed. Alternatively you can manually replace the `/` with `%2F`. For example `US/Pacific` would be `loc=US%2FPacific`.
Please keep in mind, that param values must be [url.QueryEscape](https://golang.org/pkg/net/url/#QueryEscape)'ed. Alternatively you can manually replace the `/` with `%2F`. For example `US/Pacific` would be `loc=US%2FPacific`.
##### `maxAllowedPacket`
```
Type: decimal number
Default: 4194304
```
Max packet size allowed in bytes. The default value is 4 MiB and should be adjusted to match the server settings. `maxAllowedPacket=0` can be used to automatically fetch the `max_allowed_packet` variable from server *on every connection*.
##### `multiStatements`
##### `multiStatements`
@ -233,7 +250,6 @@ Allow multiple statements in one query. While this allows batch queries, it also
When `multiStatements` is used, `?` parameters must only be used in the first statement.
When `multiStatements` is used, `?` parameters must only be used in the first statement.
##### `parseTime`
##### `parseTime`
```
```
@ -243,19 +259,19 @@ Default: false
```
```
`parseTime=true` changes the output type of `DATE` and `DATETIME` values to `time.Time` instead of `[]byte` / `string`
`parseTime=true` changes the output type of `DATE` and `DATETIME` values to `time.Time` instead of `[]byte` / `string`
The date or datetime like `0000-00-00 00:00:00` is converted into zero value of `time.Time`.
##### `readTimeout`
##### `readTimeout`
```
```
Type: decimal number
Type: duration
Default: 0
Default: 0
```
```
I/O read timeout. The value must be a decimal number with an unit suffix (*"ms"*, *"s"*, *"m"*, *"h"*), such as *"30s"*, *"0.5m"* or *"1m30s"*.
I/O read timeout. The value must be a decimal number with a unit suffix (*"ms"*, *"s"*, *"m"*, *"h"*), such as *"30s"*, *"0.5m"* or *"1m30s"*.
##### `rejectReadOnly`
##### `strict`
```
```
Type: bool
Type: bool
@ -263,19 +279,49 @@ Valid Values: true, false
Default: false
Default: false
```
```
`strict=true` enables the strict mode in which MySQL warnings are treated as errors.
By default MySQL also treats notes as warnings. Use [`sql_notes=false`](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_sql_notes) to ignore notes. See the [examples](#examples) for an DSN example.
`rejectReadOnly=true` causes the driver to reject read-only connections. This
is for a possible race condition during an automatic failover, where the mysql
client gets connected to a read-only replica after the failover.
Note that this should be a fairly rare case, as an automatic failover normally
happens when the primary is down, and the race condition shouldn't happen
unless it comes back up online as soon as the failover is kicked off. On the
other hand, when this happens, a MySQL application can get stuck on a
read-only connection until restarted. It is however fairly easy to reproduce,
for example, using a manual failover on AWS Aurora's MySQL-compatible cluster.
If you are not relying on read-only transactions to reject writes that aren't
supposed to happen, setting this on some MySQL providers (such as AWS Aurora)
is safer for failovers.
Note that ERROR 1290 can be returned for a `read-only` server and this option will
cause a retry for that error. However the same error number is used for some
other cases. You should ensure your application will never cause an ERROR 1290
except for `read-only` mode when enabling this option.
##### `serverPubKey`
```
Type: string
Valid Values: <name>
Default: none
```
Server public keys can be registered with [`mysql.RegisterServerPubKey`](https://godoc.org/github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql#RegisterServerPubKey), which can then be used by the assigned name in the DSN.
Public keys are used to transmit encrypted data, e.g. for authentication.
If the server's public key is known, it should be set manually to avoid expensive and potentially insecure transmissions of the public key from the server to the client each time it is required.
##### `timeout`
##### `timeout`
```
```
Type: decimal number
Type: duration
Default: OS default
Default: OS default
```
```
*Driver* side connection timeout. The value must be a decimal number with an unit suffix ( *"ms"*, *"s"*, *"m"*, *"h"* ), such as *"30s"*, *"0.5m"* or *"1m30s"*. To set a server side timeout, use the parameter [`wait_timeout`](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_wait_timeout).
Timeout for establishing connections, aka dial timeout. The value must be a decimal number with a unit suffix (*"ms"*, *"s"*, *"m"*, *"h"*), such as *"30s"*, *"0.5m"* or *"1m30s"*.
`tls=true` enables TLS / SSL encrypted connection to the server. Use `skip-verify` if you want to use a self-signed or invalid certificate (server side). Use a custom value registered with [`mysql.RegisterTLSConfig`](http://godoc.org/github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql#RegisterTLSConfig).
`tls=true` enables TLS / SSL encrypted connection to the server. Use `skip-verify` if you want to use a self-signed or invalid certificate (server side). Use a custom value registered with [`mysql.RegisterTLSConfig`](https://godoc.org/github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql#RegisterTLSConfig).
##### `writeTimeout`
##### `writeTimeout`
```
```
Type: decimal number
Type: duration
Default: 0
Default: 0
```
```
I/O write timeout. The value must be a decimal number with an unit suffix (*"ms"*, *"s"*, *"m"*, *"h"*), such as *"30s"*, *"0.5m"* or *"1m30s"*.
I/O write timeout. The value must be a decimal number with a unit suffix (*"ms"*, *"s"*, *"m"*, *"h"*), such as *"30s"*, *"0.5m"* or *"1m30s"*.
##### System Variables
##### System Variables
All other parameters are interpreted as system variables:
Any other parameters are interpreted as system variables:
The connection pool is managed by Go's database/sql package. For details on how to configure the size of the pool and how long connections stay in the pool see `*DB.SetMaxOpenConns`, `*DB.SetMaxIdleConns`, and `*DB.SetConnMaxLifetime` in the [database/sql documentation](https://golang.org/pkg/database/sql/). The read, write, and dial timeouts for each individual connection are configured with the DSN parameters [`readTimeout`](#readtimeout), [`writeTimeout`](#writetimeout), and [`timeout`](#timeout), respectively.
## `ColumnType` Support
This driver supports the [`ColumnType` interface](https://golang.org/pkg/database/sql/#ColumnType) introduced in Go 1.8, with the exception of [`ColumnType.Length()`](https://golang.org/pkg/database/sql/#ColumnType.Length), which is currently not supported.
## `context.Context` Support
Go 1.8 added `database/sql` support for `context.Context`. This driver supports query timeouts and cancellation via contexts.
See [context support in the database/sql package](https://golang.org/doc/go1.8#database_sql) for more details.
### `LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE` support
### `LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE` support
For this feature you need direct access to the package. Therefore you must change the import path (no `_`):
For this feature you need direct access to the package. Therefore you must change the import path (no `_`):
```go
```go
@ -367,17 +438,17 @@ Files must be whitelisted by registering them with `mysql.RegisterLocalFile(file
To use a `io.Reader` a handler function must be registered with `mysql.RegisterReaderHandler(name, handler)` which returns a `io.Reader` or `io.ReadCloser`. The Reader is available with the filepath `Reader::<name>` then. Choose different names for different handlers and `DeregisterReaderHandler` when you don't need it anymore.
To use a `io.Reader` a handler function must be registered with `mysql.RegisterReaderHandler(name, handler)` which returns a `io.Reader` or `io.ReadCloser`. The Reader is available with the filepath `Reader::<name>` then. Choose different names for different handlers and `DeregisterReaderHandler` when you don't need it anymore.
See the [godoc of Go-MySQL-Driver](http://godoc.org/github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql "golang mysql driver documentation") for details.
See the [godoc of Go-MySQL-Driver](https://godoc.org/github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql "golang mysql driver documentation") for details.
### `time.Time` support
### `time.Time` support
The default internal output type of MySQL `DATE` and `DATETIME` values is `[]byte` which allows you to scan the value into a `[]byte`, `string` or `sql.RawBytes` variable in your programm.
The default internal output type of MySQL `DATE` and `DATETIME` values is `[]byte` which allows you to scan the value into a `[]byte`, `string` or `sql.RawBytes` variable in your program.
However, many want to scan MySQL `DATE` and `DATETIME` values into `time.Time` variables, which is the logical opposite in Go to `DATE` and `DATETIME` in MySQL. You can do that by changing the internal output type from `[]byte` to `time.Time` with the DSN parameter `parseTime=true`. You can set the default [`time.Time` location](http://golang.org/pkg/time/#Location) with the `loc` DSN parameter.
However, many want to scan MySQL `DATE` and `DATETIME` values into `time.Time` variables, which is the logical opposite in Go to `DATE` and `DATETIME` in MySQL. You can do that by changing the internal output type from `[]byte` to `time.Time` with the DSN parameter `parseTime=true`. You can set the default [`time.Time` location](https://golang.org/pkg/time/#Location) with the `loc` DSN parameter.
**Caution:** As of Go 1.1, this makes `time.Time` the only variable type you can scan `DATE` and `DATETIME` values into. This breaks for example [`sql.RawBytes` support](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql/wiki/Examples#rawbytes).
**Caution:** As of Go 1.1, this makes `time.Time` the only variable type you can scan `DATE` and `DATETIME` values into. This breaks for example [`sql.RawBytes` support](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql/wiki/Examples#rawbytes).
Alternatively you can use the [`NullTime`](http://godoc.org/github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql#NullTime) type as the scan destination, which works with both `time.Time` and `string` / `[]byte`.
Alternatively you can use the [`NullTime`](https://godoc.org/github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql#NullTime) type as the scan destination, which works with both `time.Time` and `string` / `[]byte`.
### Unicode support
### Unicode support
@ -389,7 +460,6 @@ Version 1.0 of the driver recommended adding `&charset=utf8` (alias for `SET NAM
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/charset-unicode.html for more details on MySQL's Unicode support.
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/charset-unicode.html for more details on MySQL's Unicode support.
## Testing / Development
## Testing / Development
To run the driver tests you may need to adjust the configuration. See the [Testing Wiki-Page](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql/wiki/Testing "Testing") for details.
To run the driver tests you may need to adjust the configuration. See the [Testing Wiki-Page](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql/wiki/Testing "Testing") for details.
@ -408,13 +478,13 @@ Mozilla summarizes the license scope as follows:
That means:
That means:
* You can **use** the **unchanged** source code both in private and commercially
* You can **use** the **unchanged** source code both in private and commercially.
* When distributing, you **must publish** the source code of any **changed files** licensed under the MPL 2.0 under a) the MPL 2.0 itself or b) a compatible license (e.g. GPL 3.0 or Apache License 2.0)
* When distributing, you **must publish** the source code of any **changed files** licensed under the MPL 2.0 under a) the MPL 2.0 itself or b) a compatible license (e.g. GPL 3.0 or Apache License 2.0).
* You **needn't publish** the source code of your library as long as the files licensed under the MPL 2.0 are **unchanged**
* You **needn't publish** the source code of your library as long as the files licensed under the MPL 2.0 are **unchanged**.
Please read the [MPL 2.0 FAQ](http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/FAQ.html) if you have further questions regarding the license.
Please read the [MPL 2.0 FAQ](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/FAQ/) if you have further questions regarding the license.
You can read the full terms here: [LICENSE](https://raw.github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql/master/LICENSE)
You can read the full terms here: [LICENSE](https://raw.github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql/master/LICENSE).
ErrNoTLS=errors.New("TLS requested but server does not support TLS")
ErrNoTLS=errors.New("TLS requested but server does not support TLS")
ErrOldPassword=errors.New("this user requires old password authentication. If you still want to use it, please add 'allowOldPasswords=1' to your DSN. See also https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql/wiki/old_passwords")
ErrCleartextPassword=errors.New("this user requires clear text authentication. If you still want to use it, please add 'allowCleartextPasswords=1' to your DSN")
ErrCleartextPassword=errors.New("this user requires clear text authentication. If you still want to use it, please add 'allowCleartextPasswords=1' to your DSN")
ErrNativePassword=errors.New("this user requires mysql native password authentication.")
ErrOldPassword=errors.New("this user requires old password authentication. If you still want to use it, please add 'allowOldPasswords=1' to your DSN. See also https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql/wiki/old_passwords")
ErrUnknownPlugin=errors.New("this authentication plugin is not supported")
ErrUnknownPlugin=errors.New("this authentication plugin is not supported")
ErrOldProtocol=errors.New("MySQL server does not support required protocol 41+")
ErrOldProtocol=errors.New("MySQL server does not support required protocol 41+")
ErrPktSync=errors.New("commands out of sync. You can't run this command now")
ErrPktSync=errors.New("commands out of sync. You can't run this command now")
ErrPktSyncMul=errors.New("commands out of sync. Did you run multiple statements at once?")
ErrPktSyncMul=errors.New("commands out of sync. Did you run multiple statements at once?")
ErrPktTooLarge=errors.New("packet for query is too large. Try adjusting the 'max_allowed_packet' variable on the server")
ErrPktTooLarge=errors.New("packet for query is too large. Try adjusting the 'max_allowed_packet' variable on the server")
ErrBusyBuffer=errors.New("busy buffer")
ErrBusyBuffer=errors.New("busy buffer")
// errBadConnNoWrite is used for connection errors where nothing was sent to the database yet.
// If this happens first in a function starting a database interaction, it should be replaced by driver.ErrBadConn
// to trigger a resend.
// See https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql/pull/302
Unknwon
7 years ago